{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:05:39Z","timestamp":1784995539083,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"funded by the Twente University Centre for Cybersecurity Research","award":["20003215 (TUCCR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20003215 (TUCCR)"]}]},{"name":"Cristian's work was also part of the CATRIN and UPIN projects, both of which received funding from the Dutch Research Council (NWO)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tnsm.2026.3671613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T19:58:14Z","timestamp":1773086294000},"page":"3602-3621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reproducibility Study and Assessment of the Evolution of Serial BGP Hijacking Events"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5338-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebrima","family":"Jaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3771-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Hesselman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6438-7756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lambert J. M.","family":"Nieuwenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design and Analysis of Computer Systems, University of Twente, AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s41134-020-00147-9","article-title":"The digital divide is a human rights issue: Advancing social inclusion through social work advocacy","volume":"6","author":"Sanders","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Human Rights Social Work"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"MS-LSTM: A multi-scale LSTM model for BGP anomaly detection","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE 24th Int. Conf. Netw. Protocols (ICNP)","author":"Cheng"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3175453","article-title":"Internet of Intelligence: A survey on the enabling technologies, applications, and challenges","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2622240","article-title":"BGP anomaly detection techniques: A survey","volume":"19","author":"Al-Musawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.041010.00041"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29959-0_6"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2479957.2479959"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3355369.3355581"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2018.2869798","article-title":"ARTEMIS: Neutralizing BGP hijacking within a minute","volume":"26","author":"Sermpezis","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3468907","article-title":"GonoGo\u2013assessing the confidence level of distribute intrusion detection systems alarms based on BGP","volume":"22","author":"Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manage."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3964","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3588314","article-title":"Detecting service disruptions in large BGP\/MPLS VPN networks","volume":"22","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manage."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3405671.3405814"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"25","article-title":"BGP hijacking classification","volume-title":"Proc. Netw. Traffic Meas. Anal. Conf. (TMA)","author":"Cho"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1751","article-title":"A system to detect forged-origin bgp hijacks","volume-title":"Proc. 21st USENIX Symp. Networked Syst. Design Implement.","author":"Holterbach"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/505202.505207"},{"key":"ref16","volume-title":"DDoS Mitigation Firm Has History of Hijacks\u2014Krebs on Security","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Iran Leaks Censorship Via BGP Hijacks","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"KlaySwap\u2014Another BGP Hijack Targeting Crypto Wallets","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Russian Telco Rostelecom Hijacks Traffic for IT Giants, Including Google","author":"Paganini","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Cloudflare","author":"Herdes","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) To Router Protocol","year":"8210"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"A Profile for Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs)","author":"Lepinski","year":"6482"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"SoK: An introspective analysis of RPKI security","author":"Mirdita","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2408.12359"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Origin Validation Operation Based on the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)","author":"Bush","year":"7115"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3618257.3624806"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"11","article-title":"PHAS: A prefix hijack alert system","volume-title":"Proc. 15th Conf. USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Lad"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1800171","article-title":"BGP with BGPsec: Attacks and countermeasures","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/TMA62044.2024.10559067"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3651890.3672251"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386367.3432731"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2558978","article-title":"HEAP: Reliable assessment of BGP hijacking attacks","volume":"34","author":"Schlamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54999-1_11"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"A Profile for Autonomous System Provider Authorization","author":"Azimov","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Keep your friends close, but your routeservers closer: Insights into RPKI validation in the internet","author":"Hlavacek","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2303.11772"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"Network Operator Participants","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref36","volume-title":"BGPView","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref37","volume-title":"RIR Statistics","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref38","volume-title":"DROP\u2014Don\u2019t Route or Peer Lists - the Spamhaus Project","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Blacklist Policy Level 2. UCEPROTECT\u2014Network","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref40","volume-title":"Route Collection At the RIPE NCC\u2014Where Are We and Where Should We Go?","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3626111.3628202"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-85960-1_13"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544912.3544916"},{"key":"ref44","volume-title":"BGP More Specifics: Routing Vandalism or Useful?","author":"Huston","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/CNSM67658.2025.11297542"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"Routing Information Service (RIS)","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Routeviews Project","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3708821.3710833"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2377677.2377702"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/ijbic.2010.036158"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1081","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1081","article-title":"Minimizing features while maintaining performance in data classification problems","volume":"8","author":"Matharaarachchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-006-6226-1"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1010933404324"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"ASN List - ASN Lookup Blacklist and IP\u2019s Spam Statistics","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/tma58422.2023.10198973"},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"AS Rank: GraphQL API Overview Page","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"RIPE NCC. RPKI Snapshots","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Poster: Quantifying the proportion of hijacked prefixes among the identified prefix hijackers","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd IEEE Int. Conf. Netw. Protocols (ICNP)","author":"Jaw","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419394.3423642"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"2","article-title":"Poster: Smart BGP hijacks that evade public route collectors","volume-title":"Proc. Special Interest Group Data Commun.","author":"Milolidakis"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3517745.3561419"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding route origin validation deployment in the real world and why MANRS action 1 is not followed","volume-title":"Proc. Netw. Distrib. Syst. Secur. Symp.","author":"Qin"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3646547.3689010"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"The World\u2019s First IP Marketplace","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref65","volume-title":"Routing Information Service (RIS)","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1402958.1402996"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"43","article-title":"Argus: An accurate and agile system to detecting IP prefix hijacking","volume-title":"Proc. 19th IEEE Int. Conf. Netw. Protocols","author":"Xiang"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"884","article-title":"Malicious BGP hijacks: Appearances can be deceiving","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC)","author":"Vervier"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17172-2_12"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"35","article-title":"IP prefix hijack detection using BGP connectivity monitoring","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE 17th Int. Conf. High Perform. Switching Routing (HPSR)","author":"Alshamrani"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3166450","article-title":"AP2 Vec: An unsupervised approach for BGP hijacking detection","volume":"19","author":"Shapira","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manage."},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1","article-title":"BGNN: Detection of BGP anomalies using graph neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Symp. Comput. Commun. (ISCC)","author":"Hoarau"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3631527","article-title":"Large-scale BGP routing anomaly detection based on graph attention auto-encoder","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Service Manage."},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Distributed representations of sentences and documents","volume-title":"Proc. 31st Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Le"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"1","article-title":"BGP anomalies classification using features based on AS relationship graphs","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Latin-American Conf. Commun. (LATINCOM)","author":"Paiva"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354232"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4275028\/11319294\/11426760.pdf?arnumber=11426760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T20:06:59Z","timestamp":1774901219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11426760\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":76,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tnsm.2026.3671613","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-4537","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2373-7379","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}