{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:53:13Z","timestamp":1761007993842,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271434","12371519","61771013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271434","12371519","61771013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China; in part by Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Crowd Intelligence Empowered Low-Carbon Energy Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZDSYS20220606100601002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDSYS20220606100601002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Stability Science Program 2023"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society"},{"name":"Longgang District Shenzhen\u2019s \u201cTen Action Plan\u201d for Supporting Innovation Projects","award":["LGKCSDPT2024002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGKCSDPT2024002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/ton.2025.3567071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T13:59:47Z","timestamp":1748872787000},"page":"2474-2488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Machine Learning Model Trading With Verification Under Information Asymmetry"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1566-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS) and the School of Science and Engineering (SSE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6631-1096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSE, AIRS, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Crowd Intelligence Empowered Low-Carbon Energy Network, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5983-198X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9835-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyou","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC45041.2023.10279615"},{"volume-title":"Modzy\u2014The Leading Production Platform for Machine Learning","year":"2024","key":"ref2"},{"volume-title":"StreamML","year":"2024","key":"ref3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3300078"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328526.3329589"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3447689.3447700"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM48880.2022.9796833"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SUMMA57301.2022.9973974"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-24002-9_9"},{"volume-title":"Earn Money by Selling Your Artificial Intelligence Models","year":"2024","key":"ref10"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12096"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Deep learning scaling is predictable, empirically","author":"Hestness","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1712.00409"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(93)90013-M"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1992.4.4.605"},{"article-title":"Is Orbitz steering MAC users toward pricier hotels?","year":"2012","author":"Simon","key":"ref16"},{"volume-title":"Zales.Com Leaked Customer Data, Just Like Sister Firms Jared, Kay Jewelers Did in 2018","year":"2024","key":"ref17"},{"article-title":"Amazon\u2019s \u2019dynamic\u2019 prices get some static","year":"2012","author":"Gunderson","key":"ref18"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"125","article-title":"The robinson-patman act and competition: Unfinished business","volume":"68","author":"Hovenkamp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antitrust LJ"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748944027","volume-title":"Data Governance Act: Article-by-Article Commentary","author":"Specht-Riemenschneider","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Microeconomic Theory","volume":"1","author":"Mas-Colell","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2806881"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3572751.3572755"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"A survey on data markets","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv:2411.07267"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1993574.1993605"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3229863.3236266"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39872-8_10"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2688073.2688106"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3220013"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2017.08.008"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3565011.3569054"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2367502.2367548"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2463676.2465335"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2770870"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-022-01679-4"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE55515.2023.00300"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.655649"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Model evaluation, model selection, and algorithm selection in machine learning","author":"Raschka","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv:1811.12808"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2012.676682"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2020.107910"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-014-0168-4"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2014.0896"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2014.995564"},{"volume-title":"Adobe.com","year":"2024","key":"ref44"},{"volume-title":"Introducing ChatGPT Plus","year":"2024","key":"ref45"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1566374.1566402"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/0913069"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-7605-6"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198502760.001.0001"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119426479","volume-title":"Finite Element Analysis: Method, Verification and Validation","author":"Szab{\u00f3}","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"article-title":"Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images","year":"2009","author":"Krizhevsky","key":"ref52"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Networking"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/10723154\/11205918\/11018626.pdf?arnumber=11018626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T17:49:03Z","timestamp":1760982543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11018626\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ton.2025.3567071","relation":{},"ISSN":["2998-4157"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2998-4157"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}