{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:19:06Z","timestamp":1790684346125,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2015.2452921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T21:37:16Z","timestamp":1436305036000},"page":"462-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Contrastive Pessimistic Likelihood Estimation for Semi-Supervised Classification"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1298-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Loog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214505000000907"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6377(89)90064-3"},{"key":"ref71","author":"thrun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Probabilistic Robotics"},{"key":"ref70","author":"dresher","year":"1961","journal-title":"Games of strategy"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"2387","article-title":"Composite binary losses","volume":"11","author":"reid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"731","article-title":"Information, divergence and risk for binary experiments","volume":"12","author":"reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"792","article-title":"Learning to classify text from labeled and unlabeled documents","author":"nigam","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 15th Nat Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"1863","article-title":"Minimizing the misclassification error rate using a surrogate convex loss","author":"ben-david","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 29th Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1966.1053864"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34166-3_34"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1079120130"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"200","article-title":"Transductive inference for text classification using support vector machines","author":"joachims","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Conf Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1401602"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Semi-supervised learning literature survey","author":"zhu","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.03.004"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1513","article-title":"Unlabeled data: Now it helps, now it doesn&#x2019;t","volume":"21","author":"singh","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/981658.981684"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36755-1_39"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"19","article-title":"Semi-supervised clustering by seeding","author":"basu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 19th Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1975.10479874"},{"key":"ref60","author":"krijthe","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"280","article-title":"Guiding semi-supervision with constraint-driven learning","author":"chang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 45th Annu Meeting Assoc Comput Linguistics"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2014.646"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"33","article-title":"Does unlabeled data provably help? worst-case analysis of the sample complexity of semi-supervised learning","author":"ben-david","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc COLT"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"955","article-title":"Generalized expectation criteria for semi-supervised learning with weakly labeled data","volume":"11","author":"mann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(94)00074-D"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511812651"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1977.10481009"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"801","article-title":"Statistical analysis of semi-supervised regression","volume":"20","author":"lafferty","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610918208812293"},{"key":"ref67","volume":"9","author":"brown","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fundamentals of Statistical Exponential Families"},{"key":"ref68","volume":"1","author":"bickel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mathematical Statistics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1922.0009"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2140\/pjm.1958.8.171"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"155","article-title":"An absolute criterion for fitting frequency curves","volume":"41","author":"fisher","year":"1912","journal-title":"Messenger Math"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-013-9328-2"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Learning mixed graphical models","author":"lee","year":"0","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1205 5012"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0510-338"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262033589.001.0001"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Discriminant analysis with adaptively pooled covariance","author":"simon","year":"0","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv 1111 1687"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1706591.1706599"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-01548-9","author":"zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Introduction to Semi-Supervised Learning"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.45"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912526"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1214\/009053604000000553","article-title":"Game theory, maximum entropy, minimum discrepancy and robust Bayesian decision theory","volume":"32","author":"gr\u00fcnwald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Statist"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2014.2329567"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"327","article-title":"Constrained log-likelihood-based semi-supervised linear discriminant analysis","author":"loog","year":"0","journal-title":"Structural Syntactic and Statistical Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"ref57","author":"fukunaga","year":"1990","journal-title":"Introduction to statistical pattern recognition"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"32","article-title":"Semi-supervised linear discriminant analysis using moment constraints","author":"loog","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IAPRW Partially Supervised Learn"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"291","article-title":"Constrained parameter estimation for semi-supervised learning: The case of the nearest mean classifier","author":"loog","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Mach Learn Knowl Discovery Databases"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390280"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3758(00)00115-4"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.01.016"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09698"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1978.10480106"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11241"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09916"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321664111"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09719"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/gmdd-6-585-2013"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2013.34"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3186"},{"key":"ref81","author":"bache","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.01.074"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asr054"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00753.x"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Machine learning for first-order theorem proving,&#x201D; J. Automat. Reasoning","author":"bridge","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"529","article-title":"Semi-supervised learning by entropy minimization","volume":"17","author":"grandvalet","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref89","author":"lehmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theory of Point Estimation"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/07-STS249"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305004100009580"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231976"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231160"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ci4000213"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233912"},{"key":"ref86","author":"bhatt","year":"0"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6173.003.0007","article-title":"Risks of semi-supervised learning","author":"cozman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semi-Supervised Learning"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12649"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3235-1","author":"good","year":"2000","journal-title":"Permutation Tests"},{"key":"ref88","author":"hastie","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Elements of Statistical Learning Data Mining Inference and Prediction"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1213561"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0891201041850876"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471725293","author":"mclachlan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Discriminant Analysis and Statistical Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.127"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Analysis of semi-supervised learning with the Yarowsky algorithm","author":"haffari","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 23rd Conf Uncertainty Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529143"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2347231"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528641"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529141"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/34\/7398218\/7150421.pdf?arnumber=7150421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T03:08:50Z","timestamp":1691809730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7150421\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2015.2452921","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}}}