{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:13:02Z","timestamp":1774541582063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61602087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61602087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61632007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61632007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2019.2914054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T20:48:18Z","timestamp":1556657298000},"page":"2287-2305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The Gap of Semantic Parsing: A Survey on Automatic Math Word Problem Solvers"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9964-2470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7187-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bing Tian","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2999-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng Tao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2855422"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2018.2831447"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-3011"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"3082","article-title":"Unit dependency graph and its application to arithmetic word problem solving","author":"roy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Assoc Adv Artif Intell Conf"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00160"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1202"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2018.2851077"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.03.005"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.279"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1117"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-3014"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1202"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"4254","article-title":"A tag-based statistical english math word problem solver with understanding, reasoning and explanation","author":"liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 25th Int Joint Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.670"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.279"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00118"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"476","article-title":"Frame-based calculus of solving arithmetic multi-step addition and subtraction word problems","author":"yun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Educ Technol Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"465","article-title":"Understanding natural language with diagrams","author":"novak","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc 8th Nat Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"394","article-title":"Natural language processing for solving simple word problems","author":"sundaram","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 12th Int Conf Natural Language Process"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/55674.55704"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1058"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1026"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1135"},{"key":"ref59","author":"koller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Probabilistic Graphical Models Principles and Techniques - Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0"},{"key":"ref57","author":"nocedal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Numerical Optimization"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1113.003.0010","article-title":"Large margin rank boundaries for ordinal regression","author":"herbrich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Advances in Large Margin Classifiers"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1096"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3052771"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/362007.362035"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01692511"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2017.2729019"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"4019","article-title":"Elementary school science and math tests as a driver for AI: Take the aristo challenge!","author":"clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 29th AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"303","article-title":"Computer solution of calculus word problems","author":"charniak","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int Joint Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365691.365960"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v37i1.2636"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Robust Understanding of Word Problems with Extraneous Information","author":"bakman","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-1136"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03207654"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-009-9110-0"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1261"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1001"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.286"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Generating text with deep reinforcement learning","author":"guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"ArXiv e-prints"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2016.7498326"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3182164"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.12.004"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3052774"},{"key":"ref127","first-page":"467","article-title":"Automated generation of high school geometric questions involving implicit construction","author":"singhal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Conf Comput Supported Edu"},{"key":"ref126","article-title":"Automatic synthesis of geometry problems for an intelligent tutoring system","volume":"abs 1510 8525","author":"alvin","year":"2015","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"245","article-title":"Synthesis of geometry proof problems","author":"alvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 28th AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2200\/S00457ED1V01Y201211AIM019"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16961","article-title":"Mastering the game of go with deep neural networks and tree search","volume":"529","author":"silver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.790410"},{"key":"ref128","first-page":"14","article-title":"Automated generation of geometry questions for high school mathematics","author":"singhal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Conf Comput Supported Edu"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-1047"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2011.5767837"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24270","article-title":"Mastering the game of go without human knowledge","volume":"550","author":"silver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2676345"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.014"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.220"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2789887"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1082"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1029"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Multi-task sequence to sequence learning","volume":"abs 1511 6114","author":"luong","year":"2015","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"3104","article-title":"Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks","author":"sutskever","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Advances Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1137"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"3111","article-title":"Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality","author":"mikolov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 26th Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Data-driven methods for solving algebra word problems","author":"robaidek","year":"2018","journal-title":"ArXiv e-prints"},{"key":"ref2","author":"feigenbaum","year":"1963","journal-title":"Computers and Thought"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"A structured self-attentive sentence embedding","author":"lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"ArXiv e-prints"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Natural language input for a computer problem solving system","author":"bobrow","year":"1964","journal-title":"Semantic Information Processing"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61425-0_39"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(99)00067-7"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1081"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1998.0724"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1171"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361237.361242"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_15"},{"key":"ref92","first-page":"109","article-title":"Telling juxtapositions: Using repetition and alignable difference in diagram understanding","author":"ferguson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Advances in analogy research"},{"key":"ref105","author":"shapiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"510","article-title":"Georep: A flexible tool for spatial representation of line drawings","author":"ferguson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Assoc Adv Artif Intell Conf"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"2831","article-title":"Diagram understanding in geometry questions","author":"seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0734-189X(85)90020-9"},{"key":"ref103","first-page":"5","article-title":"Computational models for integrating linguistic and visual information: A survey","volume":"8","author":"srihari","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"1374","article-title":"Diagram understanding using integration of layout information and textual information","author":"watanabe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Conf Assoc Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"2479","article-title":"Taking up the gaokao challenge: An information retrieval approach","author":"cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 25th Int Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref112","first-page":"5005","article-title":"Computer models solving intelligence test problems: Progress and implications (extended abstract)","author":"hern\u00e1ndez-orallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 26th Int Joint Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"2580","article-title":"Combining retrieval, statistics, and inference to answer elementary science questions","author":"clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref98","first-page":"134","author":"gelernter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Computers & thought"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"11","author":"fleuriot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geometry Theorem Proving"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.816947"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIBGRA.2004.1352951"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1794","article-title":"Learning from natural instructions","author":"goldwasser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 22nd Int Joint Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1545","article-title":"Scaling semantic parsers with on-the-fly ontology matching","author":"kwiatkowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Conf Empirical Methods Natural Language Process"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1084"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1084"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1088"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1132"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EITT.2015.17"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Semantically-aligned equation generation for solving and reasoning math word problems","volume":"abs 1811 720","author":"chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"742","article-title":"An efficient algorithm for easy-first non-directional dependency parsing","author":"goldberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Conf North Amer Chapter Assoc Comput Linguistics"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1015"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"5545","article-title":"Mathdqn: Solving arithmetic word problems via deep reinforcement learning","author":"wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"449","article-title":"Generating typed dependency parses from phrase structure parses","author":"de marneffe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 5th Int Conf Lang Resources Eval"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"213","article-title":"Neural math word problem solver with reinforcement learning","author":"huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 27th Int Conf Comput Linguistics"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1699648.1699661"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EITT.2016.55"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Template-based mathword problem solvers with recursive neural networks","author":"wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Mapping to declarative knowledge for word problem solving","author":"roy","year":"2017","journal-title":"ArXiv e-prints"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1628275.1628277"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1052"},{"key":"ref116","first-page":"2468","article-title":"Problog: A probabilistic prolog and its application in link discovery","author":"de raedt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc 20th Int Joint Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"455","article-title":"Parsing with compositional vector grammars","author":"socher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 32nd Ann Meeting Assoc for Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/556"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.10.104"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"601","article-title":"A constrained latent variable model for coreference resolution","author":"chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Conf Empirical Methods Natural Language Process"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"2661","article-title":"Dimensionally guided synthesis of mathematical word problems","author":"wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 25th Int Joint Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1168"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"381","article-title":"Personalized mathematical word problem generation","author":"polozov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 24th Int Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"492","article-title":"A multi-pass sieve for coreference resolution","author":"raghunathan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Conf Empirical Methods Natural Language Process"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"28","article-title":"Stanford's multi-pass sieve coreference resolution system at the conll-2011 shared task","author":"lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 15th Conf Comput Natural Language Learn Shared Task"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1613715.1613756"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"289","article-title":"Joint coreference resolution and named-entity linking with multi-pass sieves","author":"hajishirzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Conf Empirical Methods Natural Language Process"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/34\/9158589\/08703135.pdf?arnumber=8703135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T13:48:07Z","timestamp":1721224087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8703135\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2019.2914054","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}}}