{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:39:22Z","timestamp":1777390762447,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008398","name":"VILLUM FONDEN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Carlsberg Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2021.3094760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T20:13:27Z","timestamp":1625688807000},"page":"6614-6630","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["A Causal Framework for Distribution Generalization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8202-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rune","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6203-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niklas","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-0198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin Emil","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0044-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Gnecco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Statistics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1487-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1576","article-title":"Distributionally robust logistic regression","volume-title":"Proc. 28th Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Abadeh"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.oep.a041889","article-title":"Autonomy","volume":"41","author":"Aldrich","year":"1989","journal-title":"Oxford Econ. Papers"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(74)90033-5"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Invariant risk minimization","author":"Arjovsky","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013689704352","article-title":"Finite-time analysis of the multiarmed bandit problem","volume":"47","author":"Auer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"714","article-title":"Robust supervised learning","volume-title":"Proc. 20th Nat. Conf. Artif. Intell.","author":"Bagnell"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"335","article-title":"High-probability regret bounds for bandit online linear optimization","volume-title":"Proc. 21st Annu. Conf. Learn. Theory","author":"Bartlett"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.731"},{"issue":"75","key":"ref9","first-page":"2137","article-title":"Discriminative learning under covariate shift","volume":"10","author":"Bickel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC40007.2019.9004785"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118619179"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CCOL0521262410","volume-title":"Instrumental Variables. Econometric Society Monographs","author":"Bowden","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007379606734"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3982\/QE722"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58347-1_1"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3982\/ecta6539"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1872"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"129","article-title":"Impossibility theorems for domain adaptation","volume-title":"Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Statist.","author":"David"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Robust classification with interval data","author":"El Ghaoui","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10107-017-1172-1"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Robust physical-world attacks on deep learning models","author":"Evtimov","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34333-9"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Explaining and harnessing adversarial examples","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref24","volume-title":"Econometric Analysis","author":"Greene","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1906935"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198775218.001.0001"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1414","article-title":"Deep IV: A flexible approach for counterfactual prediction","volume-title":"Proc. 34th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Hartford"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-020-05924-1"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3982\/ecta8662"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2008.02.006"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Kullback-leibler divergence constrained distributionally robust optimization","author":"Hu","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ectj\/utab031"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"249","article-title":"Identifying confounders using additive noise models","volume-title":"Proc. 25th Annu. Conf. Uncertainty Artif. Intell.","author":"Janzing"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"659","article-title":"Robust fisher discriminant analysis","volume-title":"Proc. 18th Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Kim"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-8858(85)90002-8"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"10846","article-title":"Domain adaptation by using causal inference to predict invariant conditional distributions","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Magliacane"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Domain adaptation with multiple sources","volume-title":"Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Mansour"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470996249.ch7"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSW.2018.8439889"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/15-AOS1325"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"10","article-title":"Domain generalization via invariant feature representation","volume-title":"Proc. 30th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Muandet"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.103.3.550"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00459"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2009.191"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511803161","volume-title":"Causality","author":"Pearl","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"2009","article-title":"Causal discovery with continuous additive noise models","volume":"15","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Elements of Causal Inference: Foundations and Learning Algorithms","author":"Peters","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905688116"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/21-aoas1487"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262170055.001.0001"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262170055.001.0001"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"np: Nonparametric Kernel Smoothing Methods for Mixed Data Types","author":"Racine","year":"2018"},{"issue":"36","key":"ref53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Causal transfer in machine learning","volume":"19","author":"Rojas-Carulla","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12398"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"949","article-title":"Identification and estimation of causal effects defined by shift interventions","volume-title":"Proc. 36th Annu. Conf. Uncertainty Artif. Intell.","author":"Sani"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"515","article-title":"Ridge regression learning algorithm in dual variables","volume-title":"Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Saunders"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1255","article-title":"On causal and anticausal learning","volume-title":"Proc. 29th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Sch\u00f6lkopf"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3758(00)00115-4"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0197-0"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Kernel instrumental variable regression","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Advances Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Certifying some distributional robustness with principled adversarial training","author":"Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"21","article-title":"Generalization error estimation under covariate shift","volume-title":"Proc. Workshop Inf.-Based Induction Sci.","author":"Sugiyama"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"1433","article-title":"Direct importance estimation with model selection and its application to covariate shift adaptation","volume-title":"Proc. 20th Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Sugiyama"},{"key":"ref64","volume-title":"Economic Forecasts and Policy","author":"Theil","year":"1958"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00576"},{"key":"ref66","volume-title":"Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"mixup: Beyond empirical risk minimization","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"647","article-title":"On the identifiability of the post-nonlinear causal model","volume-title":"Proc. 25th Annu. Conf. Uncertainty Artif. Intell.","author":"Zhang"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/34\/9893033\/09476906.pdf?arnumber=9476906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T23:22:55Z","timestamp":1705015375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9476906\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2021.3094760","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]}}}