{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T19:01:34Z","timestamp":1780426894247,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":347,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2022.3148853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T21:04:55Z","timestamp":1644267895000},"page":"285-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Deep Learning for Free-Hand Sketch: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6431-1110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4867-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Hospedales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3442-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiyue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5908-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Zhe","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Vision and Machine Learning at the Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing (CVSSP), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2530-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Vision and Machine Learning at the Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing (CVSSP), University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5224-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VCIP47243.2019.8965725"},{"key":"ref274","article-title":"Multi-density sketch-to-image translation network","author":"huang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201310"},{"key":"ref276","article-title":"Line artist: A multiple style sketch to painting synthesis scheme","author":"li","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2019.00154"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00882"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392386"},{"key":"ref170","first-page":"2413","article-title":"Communicating semantic part information in drawings","author":"mukherjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Annu Conf Cogn Sci Soc"},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093440"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"ref171","article-title":"Deep semantic parsing of freehand sketches with homogeneous transformation, soft-weighted loss, and staged learning","author":"zheng","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref174","first-page":"180","article-title":"Line drawing simplification by stroke translation and combination","volume":"9069","author":"chien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Graphic Image Process"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.127"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1187112.1187227"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2016.7899777"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2930512"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132703"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123266.3123270"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2019.8851974"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2019.8851754"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00976"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-018-1528-4","article-title":"Learning to restore deteriorated line drawing","volume":"34","author":"kazuma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vis Comput"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2018.03.001"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3240508.3240606"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00571"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3015015"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3414685.3417784"},{"key":"ref268","article-title":"Sketch-to-art: Synthesizing stylized art images from sketches","author":"liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.04.060"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01270-0_13"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00584"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00746"},{"key":"ref288","article-title":"Blind inpainting of large-scale masks of thin structures with adversarial and reinforcement learning","author":"chen","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.611"},{"key":"ref286","article-title":"Conditional generative adversarial nets","author":"mirza","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref285","first-page":"5967","article-title":"Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks","author":"isola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref284","first-page":"2242","article-title":"Unpaired image-to-image translation using cycle-consistent adversarial networks","author":"zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00016"},{"key":"ref283","article-title":"Dense extreme inception network: Towards a robust CNN model for edge detection","author":"soria","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2733373.2806230"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3355089.3356561"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3272127.3275090"},{"key":"ref280","article-title":"LUCSS: Language-based user-customized colourization of scene sketches","author":"zou","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref185","article-title":"Sketch-specific data augmentation for freehand sketch recognition","author":"zheng","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref184","article-title":"Spatially-sparse convolutional neural networks","author":"graham","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref183","article-title":"Freehand sketch recognition using deep features","author":"sarvadevabhatla","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0816-y"},{"key":"ref189","article-title":"Fine-grained sketch-based image retrieval by matching deformable part models","author":"li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Brit Mach Vis Conf"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2733373.2807997"},{"key":"ref187","first-page":"106","article-title":"A framework for measuring video similarity and its application to video query by example","author":"tan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Image Process"},{"key":"ref186","article-title":"An unpaired sketch-to-photo translation model","author":"liu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.31.106"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.601"},{"key":"ref179","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.579"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00952"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201393"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00836"},{"key":"ref344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00915"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"SketchGCN: Semantic sketch segmentation with graph convolutional networks","author":"yang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref345","first-page":"246","article-title":"Deep normal estimation for automatic shading of hand-drawn characters","author":"hudon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis Workshops"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3069230"},{"key":"ref346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3203186"},{"key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3272127.3275074"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.592"},{"key":"ref347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00243"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.290"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2929804"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882354"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-018-0953-8"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2016.7900240"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2019.06.010"},{"key":"ref295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10444"},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2017.8019464"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_37"},{"key":"ref296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2016.7900083"},{"key":"ref299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3118975"},{"key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00088"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2898351"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661229.2661280"},{"key":"ref156","article-title":"Stroke-based sketched symbol reconstruction and segmentation","author":"kaiyrbekov","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13365"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818067"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.02050.x"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2895155"},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00318"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2018.8451288"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315009292"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33718-5_45"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.03.023"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298795"},{"key":"ref289","article-title":"Root gap correction with a deep inpainting model","author":"chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Brit Mach Vis Conf"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01237-3_36"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.723"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00701"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00090"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2877996"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Monster mash: A single-view approach to casual 3D modeling and animation","volume":"39","author":"dvoro\u017e?\u00e1k","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3383040"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-014-0752-2"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445215"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.14075"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-7311-3"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13818"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-018-1549-z"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2017.268"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7952482"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2699184"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.93"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-016-0932-3"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185540"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"A neural representation of sketch drawings","author":"ha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Representations"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300334"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2980179.2980238"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925954"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCPCT.2016.7530359"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MLSP.2018.8516988"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312994"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2018.2884192"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3203197"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00442"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"3973","article-title":"Sketch based image retrieval system for the web&#x2013;A survey","volume":"6","author":"prajapati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Inf Technol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2013.11.008"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33011336"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Learning robust global representations by penalizing local predictive power","author":"wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 33rd Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2019.01.004"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"CaricatureShop: Personalized and photorealistic caricature sketching","author":"han","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.12273"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_3"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.591"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"121","article-title":"SHREC&#x2019;14 track: Extended large scale sketch-based 3D shape retrieval","volume":"2014","author":"li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Eurographics Workshop 3D Object Retrieval"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185527"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.04.046"},{"key":"ref318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377325.3377485"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_26"},{"key":"ref317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3332165.3347878"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00149"},{"key":"ref316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4568-2"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2671188.2749360"},{"key":"ref315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2016.7532549"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.321"},{"key":"ref314","article-title":"Fine-grained instance-level sketch-based video retrieval","author":"xu","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459258"},{"key":"ref312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2019.8851809"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58529-7_42"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073629"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1992.201616"},{"key":"ref319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3028292"},{"key":"ref310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2597830"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2019.2892301"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2675539"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2019.00285"},{"key":"ref305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1070\/RM2012v067n05ABEH004808"},{"key":"ref63","year":"0"},{"key":"ref304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.385"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2012.04.026"},{"key":"ref307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00595"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00228"},{"key":"ref306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3240508.3240699"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"952","article-title":"SketchTransfer: A new dataset for exploring detail-invariance and the abstractions learned by deep networks","author":"lamb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Winter Conf Appl Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CW.2019.00020"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.125"},{"key":"ref300","article-title":"Semantic embedding for sketch-based 3D shape retrieval","author":"qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Brit Mach Vis Conf"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2017.8296971"},{"key":"ref303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2817042"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-017-1754-7"},{"key":"ref302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.11211"},{"key":"ref309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00239"},{"key":"ref308","article-title":"DeepSketchHair: Deep sketch-based 3D hair modeling","author":"shen","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2709749"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2630407.2630410"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2964284.2964317"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3009476"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00242"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00240"},{"key":"ref196","first-page":"314","article-title":"Deep manifold alignment for mid-grain sketch based image retrieval","author":"bui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Asian Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.01.006"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019203"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNIDC.2016.7974625"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2964284.2973828"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.05.099"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2910398"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2020.104003"},{"key":"ref342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2024676.2024689"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CBMI.2016.7500261"},{"key":"ref343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.05.045"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10171"},{"key":"ref340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1378773.1378775"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01400.x"},{"key":"ref336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359997.3365751"},{"key":"ref335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2518099"},{"key":"ref334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2860016"},{"key":"ref333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201370"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413810"},{"key":"ref339","article-title":"Sketch2Code: Transformation of sketches to UI in real-time using deep neural network","author":"jain","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2964284.2967220"},{"key":"ref338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2016.7487453"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"2907","article-title":"TransSketchNet: Attention-based sketch recognition using transformers","author":"jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2015.2467271"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413588"},{"key":"ref82","author":"barocas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fairness and Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"52","article-title":"Does object recognition work for everyone?","author":"de vries","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE\/CVF Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit Workshops"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11384"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2554113"},{"key":"ref330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3202661"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3450626.3459833"},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"Fine-grained sketch-based image retrieval by matching deformable part models","author":"li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Brit Mach Vis Conf"},{"key":"ref332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00366"},{"key":"ref323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2500019"},{"key":"ref322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58539-6_32"},{"key":"ref325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00474"},{"key":"ref324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"ref327","article-title":"Graph attention networks","author":"veli?kovi?","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Representations"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2911996.2912067"},{"key":"ref326","article-title":"Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks","author":"kipf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Representations"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2019.8803426"},{"key":"ref329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925946"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CBMI.2015.7153606"},{"key":"ref328","first-page":"6000","article-title":"Attention is all you need","author":"vaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 31st Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48896-7_68"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2017.8296970"},{"key":"ref101","article-title":"Sequential dual deep learning with shape and texture features for sketch recognition","author":"jia","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref100","article-title":"On learning semantic representations for million-scale free-hand sketches","author":"xu","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref209","article-title":"The devil is in the middle: Exploiting mid-level representations for cross-domain instance matching","author":"yu","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_26"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.164"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2814338"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2016.7532801"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.30.132"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.202"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46604-0_2"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.290"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71607-7_21"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.31.45"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3077136.3080681"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2018.8545452"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.107148"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00077"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093289"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00980"},{"key":"ref219","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Deep canonical correlation analysis","author":"andrew","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 30th Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2017.8019432"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMEW.2019.00044"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2837381"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.31.46"},{"key":"ref228","article-title":"Unsupervised representation learning with deep convolutional generative adversarial networks","author":"radford","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123266.3127939"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343031.3350900"},{"key":"ref225","article-title":"Generalisation and sharing in triplet convnets for sketch based visual search","author":"bui","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3078971.3078985"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00299"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCDS.2018.2868160"},{"key":"ref126","article-title":"Learning via social awareness: Improving a deep generative sketching model with facial feedback","author":"jaques","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref125","article-title":"Learning to doodle with deep q-networks and demonstrated strokes","author":"zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Brit Mach Vis Conf"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00679"},{"key":"ref129","article-title":"Creative sketch generation","author":"ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Representations"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413720"},{"key":"ref130","first-page":"632","article-title":"B&#x00E9;ziersketch: A generative model for scalable vector sketches","author":"das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-016-0963-9"},{"key":"ref134","article-title":"RNN-based generative model for fine-grained sketching","author":"jenal","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3414685.3417840"},{"key":"ref132","first-page":"515","article-title":"Inferring motor programs from images of handwritten digits","author":"hinton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc 18th Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2019.2936710"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VCIP.2017.8305153"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.11.032"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2017.06.007"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01036"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2699960"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01216-8_19"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.247"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2015.7301269"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.655"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.650093"},{"key":"ref135","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"devlin","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref138","article-title":"StrokeNet: A neural painting environment","author":"zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Representations"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33012564"},{"key":"ref139","first-page":"1666","article-title":"Synthesizing programs for images using reinforced adversarial learning","author":"ganin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 35th Int Conf Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref140","article-title":"Unsupervised doodling and painting with improved spiral","author":"mellor","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"6062","article-title":"Learning to infer graphics programs from hand-drawn images","author":"ellis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 33nd Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58601-0_35"},{"key":"ref143","article-title":"StrokeCoder: Path-based image generation from single examples using transformers","author":"wieluch","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298797"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4761466"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2013.02.005"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029333"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7952453"},{"key":"ref242","article-title":"Learning large euclidean margin for sketch-based image retrieval","author":"lu","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref243","article-title":"Open cross-domain visual search","author":"thong","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref244","article-title":"Style-guided zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval","author":"dutta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Brit Mach Vis Conf"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01228-1_46"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00175"},{"key":"ref247","article-title":"Bi-directional domain translation for zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval","author":"li","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01225-0_19"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00523"},{"key":"ref249","first-page":"704","article-title":"Generative model for zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval","author":"kumar verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE\/CVF Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit Workshops"},{"key":"ref109","article-title":"Pixel recurrent neural networks","author":"oord","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33712-3_41"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"1097","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 25th Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Sketch-R2CNN: An attentive network for vector sketch recognition","author":"li","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2018.00096"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123266.3123321"},{"key":"ref111","article-title":"Deep self-supervised representation learning for free-hand sketch","author":"xu","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref112","author":"duda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pattern Classification"},{"key":"ref110","article-title":"Auto-encoding variational bayes","author":"kingma","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00376"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093402"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6993"},{"key":"ref255","article-title":"A zero-shot sketch-based inter-modal object retrieval scheme for remote sensing images","author":"chaudhuri","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/137"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00099"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2763441"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2408354"},{"key":"ref259","first-page":"3111","article-title":"Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality","author":"mikolov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 26th Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300406"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293318"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312847"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8793484"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3325480.3326578"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800265.810742"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/563274.563294"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925972"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2015.7351724"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00522"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00598"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.29.7"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00844"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46604-0_55"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018"},{"key":"ref113","first-page":"357","article-title":"Deep embedding using Bayesian risk minimization with application to sketch recognition","author":"mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Asian Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-019-01607-0"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00562"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative adversarial nets","author":"goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 27th Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref122","article-title":"Teaching GANs to sketch in vector format","author":"balasubramanian","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"14141","article-title":"Sketchformer: Transformer-based representation for sketched structure","author":"ribeiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis and Pattern Recog"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.140"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00379"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00981"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00183"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58555-6_36"},{"key":"ref265","article-title":"Cali-sketch: Stroke calibration and completion for high-quality face image generation from poorly-drawn sketches","author":"xia","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00126"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/34\/9970415\/09706366.pdf?arnumber=9706366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T19:13:13Z","timestamp":1672081993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9706366\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":347,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2022.3148853","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}