{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:30:35Z","timestamp":1780338635191,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":218,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62176160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62176160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61732011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61732011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61976141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61976141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515010791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2022.3191696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T20:39:19Z","timestamp":1658176759000},"page":"1-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":281,"title":["A Review of Generalized Zero-Shot Learning Methods"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7122-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Pourpanah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Computer Vision and Deep Learning, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3059-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moloud","family":"Abdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1003-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2541-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinlei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Guangdong Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2586-5604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen Key Lab. of Advanced Machine Learning and Applications, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4191-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chee Peng","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6036-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi-Zhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Guangdong Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-7975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Q. M. Jonathan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Computer Vision and Deep Learning, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"2005","article-title":"Generalized zero-shot learning with deep calibration network","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Liu"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293318"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-020-01096-5"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tai.2022.3185179"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.05.008"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.79"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.256"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.256"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Generalized out-of-distribution detection: A survey","author":"Yang","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033-295X.94.2.115"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"646","article-title":"Zero-data learning of new tasks","volume-title":"Proc. Assoc. Advance. Artif. Intell.","author":"Larochelle"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.140"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206594"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"935","article-title":"Zero-shot learning through cross-modal transfer","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Socher"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2737007"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413568"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.05.021"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"2152","article-title":"An embarrassingly simple approach to zero-shot learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Romera-Paredes"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46475-6_4"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"2121","article-title":"DeViSE: A deep visual-semantic embedding model","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Frome"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Zero-shot learning by convex combination of semantic embeddings","author":"Norouzi","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.328"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2857768"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-018-0642-6"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2763441"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmed.2020.100005"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"Simonyan","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410605337-29"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00311"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2869696"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39431-8_2"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00722"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/wacv45572.2020.9093545"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00618"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20887-5_8"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04182-3_40"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3240508.3240715"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.2984666"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCDS.2021.3049274"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2408354"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01623"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00113"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107370"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00588"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Imaginative walks: Generative random walk deviation loss for improved unseen learning representation","author":"Jha","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"3111","article-title":"Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Mikolov"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.473"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29908-8_8"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.01.069"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2925383"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"6288","article-title":"Link the head to the","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit.","author":"Elhoseiny"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00111"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69544-6_31"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.50"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.14"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.08.023"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23528-8_9"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Semantic similarity based softmax classifier for zero-shot learning","author":"Daghaghi","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2861573"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00115"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Zero-shot learning via shared-reconstruction-graph pursuit","author":"Zhao","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3240508.3240686"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.321"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2947780"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00450"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"2487","article-title":"Hubs in space: Popular nearest neighbors in high-dimensional data","volume":"11","author":"Radovanovi\u0107","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Improving zero-shot learning by mitigating the hubness problem","author":"Dinu","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01636"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262170055.001.0001"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"7434","article-title":"Co-representation network for generalized zero-shot learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Multi-modal ensemble classification for generalized zero shot learning","author":"Felix","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2019.8803562"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01194"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01268"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05716-9_38"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-019-01193-1"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"Attribute prototype network for zero-shot learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Xu"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33018360"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2872916"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2019.8852315"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00454"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00466"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69538-5_27"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Distilling the knowledge in a neural network","author":"Hinton","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref87","article-title":"Domain segmentation and adjustment for generalized zero-shot learning","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"Improving generalized zero-shot learning by semantic discriminator","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-02268-5"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DICTA47822.2019.8945949"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107263"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00114"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58586-0_34"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2021.3092227"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01022"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01331"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aiopen.2021.01.001"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2021.3076021"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-7689-y"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3050677"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-02615-6"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00471"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-020-01342-x"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00717"},{"key":"ref105","article-title":"From anchor generation to distribution alignment: Learning a discriminative embedding space for zero-shot recognition","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58548-8_33"},{"key":"ref107","article-title":"Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks","author":"Kipf","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00131"},{"key":"ref109","article-title":"Meta-learned attribute self-gating for continual generalized zero-shot learning","author":"Verma","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i04.6069"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01405"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i10.17057"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00229"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00961"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00880"},{"key":"ref116","first-page":"5995","article-title":"Stacked semantics-guided attention model for fine-grained zero-shot learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Ji"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00379"},{"key":"ref118","article-title":"Simple and effective localized attribute representations for zero-shot learning","author":"Yang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref119","article-title":"Semantic-guided multi-attention localization for zero-shot learning","author":"Zhu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i04.5923"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11941"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2020.3004641"},{"key":"ref123","article-title":"Zero-shot recognition through image-guided semantic classification","author":"Yeh","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-3213"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2019.00214"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.09.062"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/345"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00793"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2018.2850750"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00561"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/245"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2020.2977498"},{"key":"ref133","first-page":"1486","article-title":"Deep generative image models using a laplacian pyramid of adversarial networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Denton"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007736"},{"key":"ref135","first-page":"2666","article-title":"Generating visual representations for zero-shot classification","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. Workshops","author":"Bucher"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3156\/jsoft.29.5_177_2"},{"key":"ref137","article-title":"Auto-encoding variational bayes","author":"Kingma","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00581"},{"key":"ref139","first-page":"214","article-title":"Wasserstein generative adversarial networks","volume-title":"Proc. 34th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Arjovsky"},{"key":"ref140","first-page":"5767","article-title":"Improved training of wasserstein GANs","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Gulrajani"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00351"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2958052"},{"key":"ref143","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Model-agnostic meta-learning for fast adaptation of deep networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Finn"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00758"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.08.111"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2019.00023"},{"key":"ref147","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rectifier nonlinearities improve neural network acoustic models","volume-title":"Proc. ICML Workshop Deep Learn. Audio Speech Lang. Process.","author":"Maas"},{"key":"ref148","article-title":"Cizsl++: Creativity inspired generative zero-shot learning","author":"Elhoseiny","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref149","volume-title":"The Clockwork Muse: The Predictability of Artistic Change","author":"Martindale","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3046924"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icme51207.2021.9428278"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2021.02.009"},{"key":"ref153","first-page":"1718","article-title":"Generative moment matching networks","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Li"},{"key":"ref154","first-page":"2642","article-title":"Conditional image synthesis with auxiliary classifier GANs","volume-title":"Proc. 34th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Odena"},{"key":"ref155","first-page":"899","article-title":"Generalized denoising auto-encoders as generative models","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Bengio"},{"key":"ref156","article-title":"Adversarial autoencoders","author":"Makhzani","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref157","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dual adversarial semantics-consistent network for generalized zero-shot learning","volume":"abs\/1907.05570","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.244"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093610"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01231-1_2"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3343031.3350901"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2021.3050803"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107352"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00314"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00294"},{"key":"ref166","first-page":"3483","article-title":"Learning structured output representation using deep conditional generative models","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Sohn"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01171"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00089"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00844"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69377-0_12"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2925093"},{"key":"ref172","first-page":"1558","article-title":"Autoencoding beyond pixels using a learned similarity metric","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Larsen"},{"key":"ref173","first-page":"2234","article-title":"Improved techniques for training gans","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Salimans"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2964429"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11018-5_50"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46475-6_43"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6656797"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.553"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.217"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1150402.1150420"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01278"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01052"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01171"},{"key":"ref184","article-title":"Zero shot learning for visual object recognition with generative models","author":"Vyas","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref185","first-page":"7292","article-title":"Context-aware zero-shot learning for object recognition","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. Res.","author":"Zablocki"},{"key":"ref186","article-title":"Mitigating the hubness problem for zero-shot learning of 3D objects","author":"Cheraghian","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-74478-6_6"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00170"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2023.3295772\/mm1"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2021.3054817"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2020.101951"},{"key":"ref192","first-page":"466","article-title":"Zero-shot semantic segmentation","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Bucher"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/FRUCT50888.2021.9347619"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2923287"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME46284.2020.9102940"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20044-1_11"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.09.029"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093438"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00313"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr52688.2022.01030"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.105949"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.08.005"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109781"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/556"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.58871"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.06.002"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107604"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.10.016"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.1998.712192","volume-title":"Introduction to Reinforcement Learning","author":"Sutton","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-018-0843-4"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107856"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00033"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2022.103454"},{"key":"ref214","article-title":"Improving language understanding by generative pre-training","author":"Radford","year":"2022"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref215","article-title":"Language models are unsupervised multitask learners","volume":"1","author":"Radford","year":"2019","journal-title":"OpenAI Blog"},{"key":"ref216","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Informat. Process. Syst.","author":"Brown"},{"key":"ref217","first-page":"8748","article-title":"Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Radford"},{"key":"ref218","first-page":"8821","article-title":"Zero-shot text-to-image generation","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Ramesh"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/34\/4359286\/09832795.pdf?arnumber=9832795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T06:41:36Z","timestamp":1706769696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9832795\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":218,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2022.3191696","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}