{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:45:37Z","timestamp":1784918737152,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2023.3290594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T17:23:51Z","timestamp":1688059431000},"page":"1-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":450,"title":["Towards Large-Scale Small Object Detection: Survey and Benchmarks"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7466-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiwen","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kebing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingxing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5545-7217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junwei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00020"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00018"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.108998"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197663"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00176"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deformable DETR: Deformable transformers for end-to-end object detection","author":"zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Learn Representations"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/csit.2019.91713"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00975"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"355","article-title":"Probabilistic anchor assignment with iou prediction for object detection","author":"kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00978"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01422"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00350"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3062048"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"734","article-title":"CornerNet: Detecting objects as paired keypoints","author":"law","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref175","first-page":"2844","article-title":"Learning ROI transformer for oriented object detection in aerial images","author":"ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"21","article-title":"SSD: Single shot multibox detector","author":"liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2974745"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00986"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01167"},{"key":"ref171","article-title":"MMDetection: OpenMMlab detection toolbox and benchmark","author":"chen","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3548541"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.169"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"YOLOv3: An incremental improvement","author":"redmon","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00667"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Objects as points","author":"zhou","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3040539"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.178"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"779","article-title":"You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection","author":"redmon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3149780"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00682"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2389824"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.596"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00187"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV45572.2020.9093394"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"4932","article-title":"Multi-oriented object detection in aerial images with double horizontal rectangles","volume":"45","author":"nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00729"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1922","article-title":"FCOS: A simple and strong anchor-free object detector","volume":"44","author":"tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2858826"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"740","article-title":"Microsoft COCO: Common objects in context","author":"lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"213","article-title":"End-to-end object detection with transformers","author":"carion","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"6000","article-title":"Attention is all you need","author":"vaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Neural Inf Process"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00349"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2437384"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018","article-title":"Support-vector networks","volume":"20","author":"cortes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.014"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0275-4"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2897684"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3117983"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2019.2929005"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.534"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3210207"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2022.116675"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1097","article-title":"Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Neural Inf Process"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"278","article-title":"Random decision forests","author":"ho","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Conf Document Anal Recognition"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2015.7351502"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2015.11.002"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.232"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2017.7989163"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2012.2209421"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2013.6706807"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21227-7_23"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5866","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3046647","article-title":"Weakly supervised object localization and detection: A survey","volume":"44","author":"zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2981890"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.114602"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2022.104471"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.11.023"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3119563"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3434398"},{"key":"ref157","article-title":"xview: Objects in context in overhead imagery","author":"lam","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2509509"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-019-01266-1"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"214","article-title":"R-CNN for small object detection","author":"chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Asian Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.3005231"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00482"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2956516"},{"key":"ref167","article-title":"YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO series in 2021","author":"ge","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref164","article-title":"SODA10M: A large-scale 2D self\/semi-supervised object detection dataset for autonomous driving","author":"han","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.446"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3183022"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3034487"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2022.06.002"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3013269"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-019-01247-4"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2938758"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2023.3238524"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00511"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2018.2876865"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.314"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"3","article-title":"CBAM: Convolutional block attention module","author":"woo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.276"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00813"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00747"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.634"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Spatial transformer networks","author":"jaderberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Neural Inf Process"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023052124951"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00745"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"812","article-title":"PyramidBox: A context-assisted single shot face detector","author":"tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3076733"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.155"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.014"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2014.2366765"},{"key":"ref93","article-title":"SSPNet: Scale selection pyramid network for tiny person detection from UAV images","volume":"19","author":"hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2899955"},{"key":"ref92","article-title":"Learning spatial fusion for single-shot object detection","author":"liu","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2019.2905881"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.166"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.89"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2838132"},{"key":"ref130","article-title":"A simple way to initialize recurrent networks of rectified linear units","author":"le","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV48630.2021.00120"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00521"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019259"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00840"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2843394"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2930982"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01079"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.3004636"},{"key":"ref88","article-title":"DSSD: Deconvolutional single shot detector","author":"fu","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref135","article-title":"Intrinsic relationship reasoning for small object detection","author":"fu","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2018.00125"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01462"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00913"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3045636"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Dynamic scale training for object detection","author":"chen","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref145","article-title":"Adazoom: Adaptive zoom network for multi-scale object detection in large scenes","author":"xu","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"Face attention network: An effective face detector for the occluded faces","author":"wang","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-66823-5_39"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00062"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00084"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW54120.2021.00313"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00103"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00984"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"9310","article-title":"SNIPER: Efficient multi-scale training","author":"singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Neural Inf Process"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2020.3046482"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00377"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00310"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2021.3052575"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2021.3079968"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.522"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00832"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2017.2759508"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3005151"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01330"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00069"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00615"},{"key":"ref103","article-title":"Feature selective small object detection via knowledge-based recurrent attentive neural network","author":"yi","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.106"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00520"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00304"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_22"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.207"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01008"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00720"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413634"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.660"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00982"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2578328"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00010"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.234"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8622135"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2014.2300479"},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative adversarial nets","author":"goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Neural Inf Process"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20077-9_31"},{"key":"ref116","first-page":"210","article-title":"SOD-MTGAN: Small object detection via multi-task generative adversarial network","author":"bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"33","article-title":"Pyramid methods in image processing","volume":"29","author":"adelson","year":"1984","journal-title":"RCA Eng"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3074273"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.167"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2993403"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"192","article-title":"S3FD: Single shot scale-invariant face detector","author":"zhang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12091432"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13091854"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00130"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206532"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"5127","article-title":"Seeing small faces from robust anchor's perspective","author":"zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.211"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/34\/4359286\/10168277.pdf?arnumber=10168277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T14:47:45Z","timestamp":1696430865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10168277\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":181,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2023.3290594","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}