{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T17:56:37Z","timestamp":1784397397319,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARC","award":["DP210101682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP210101682"]}]},{"name":"ARC","award":["DP210102674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP210102674"]}]},{"name":"ARC","award":["LP220100390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP220100390"]}]},{"name":"ARC","award":["IH180100002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IH180100002"]}]},{"name":"UWA","award":["RCA 2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCA 2024"]}]},{"name":"Early Career Scheme of the Research Grants Council","award":["26202321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26202321"]}]},{"name":"ARC","award":["DP22010219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP22010219"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2024.3404422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T17:53:19Z","timestamp":1716486799000},"page":"8380-8395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["MCTformer+: Multi-Class Token Transformer for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1759-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6603-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Bennamoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7250-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farid","family":"Boussaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4758-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Laga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9163-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanli","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai AI Laboratory, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0136-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The &#x00A0;Hong&#x00A0; Kong&#x00A0; University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2921543"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3092573"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3168530"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3273592"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3083269"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.319"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"9355","article-title":"Twins: Revisiting the design of spatial attention in vision transformers","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Chu"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Conditional positional encodings for vision transformers","author":"Chu","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00043"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00951"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","author":"Dosovitskiy","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00427"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_42"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01270-0_31"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6971"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Universal weakly supervised segmentation by pixel-to-segment contrastive learning","author":"Ke","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.381"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.687"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00406"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00715"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00960"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"5267","article-title":"FickleNet: Weakly and semi-supervised segmentation using stochastic inference","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit.","author":"Lee"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"547","article-title":"Self-erasing network for integral object attention","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Hou"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00232"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00901"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6705"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58536-5_21"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i3.16294"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01229"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58542-6_40"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00759"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00444"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01469"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01877"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00425"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00428"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00523"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.2999517"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00690"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01634"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3505244"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00468"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01196"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00288"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00302"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00144"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0275-4"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00320"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00692"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126343"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00231"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"655","article-title":"Causal intervention for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"27408","article-title":"Reducing information bottleneck for weakly supervised semantic segmentation","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Lee"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01639"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00429"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3166916"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19818-2_19"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00306"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00545"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00426"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01638"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6842"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00691"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01635"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02267"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01875"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00434"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01649"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00265"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00431"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58574-7_21"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00719"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01423"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"10347","article-title":"Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Touvron"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.01.006"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1412.7062"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"7354","article-title":"Self-attention generative adversarial networks","volume-title":"Proc. 36th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00612"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58555-6_37"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00341"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00922"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20080-9_11"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3023152"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.106"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/34\/10746266\/10538065.pdf?arnumber=10538065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:22:10Z","timestamp":1732666930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10538065\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2024.3404422","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}}}