{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T01:06:27Z","timestamp":1767920787764,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery","award":["RGPIN-2017-04722 (SY and XZ)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2017-04722 (SY and XZ)"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery","award":["RGPIN-2020-05938 (YB and TL)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2020-05938 (YB and TL)"]}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery","award":["RGPIN-2021\u201303530 (XL)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2021\u201303530 (XL)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["950-231363 (XZ)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["950-231363 (XZ)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRANT12500317 (YB and TL)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRANT12500317 (YB and TL)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2024.3436860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T17:22:42Z","timestamp":1722619362000},"page":"9714-9726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Essential Number of Principal Components and Nearly Training-Free Model for Spectral Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4186-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifeng","family":"Bie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics and Statistics Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5639-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4728-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuekui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics and Statistics Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1303-0407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471465380"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00387010.2013.828758"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406616101"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-0068-x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2009.01.009"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md8051567"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2007.08.022"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00162a020"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00162a021"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/216847909002400404"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11696-018-0638-9"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa097"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemolab.2012.07.010"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac011177u"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.24764"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030116"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107298019"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/make1040061"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(03)00726-8"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2006.07.008"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2015.03.022"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2205786"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.113448"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2013.07.002"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2009.11.005"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8201-9_22"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2020.107016"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000001745"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763140903414425"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10182-013-0213-1"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2013.02.009"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40708-017-0065-7"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-019-2999-7"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020611"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2018.12.032"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Tree boosting with XGBoost-why does XGBoost win \u201cever\u201d machine learning competition?","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref39","volume-title":"Deep Learning","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1501\/0003168"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Generalization and Network Design Strategies","author":"Lecun","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"An introduction to convolutional neural networks","author":"O\u2019Shea","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref43","volume-title":"Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis","author":"Montgomery","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2955738"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3012904"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/34\/10746266\/10620616.pdf?arnumber=10620616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T19:49:22Z","timestamp":1736884162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10620616\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2024.3436860","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}}}