{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T16:56:09Z","timestamp":1780764969431,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Scientific Technological Innovation Research Project of the Ministry of Education"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22B2054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22B2054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62076192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62076192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61902298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61902298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61573267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61573267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61906150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61906150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62276199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62276199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program for Cheung Kong Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University"},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Project from the Chinese Ministry of Education"},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2019ZDLGY03-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZDLGY03-06"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Fund","award":["2022T150506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022T150506"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2024.3510048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T18:38:48Z","timestamp":1733164728000},"page":"2237-2244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Unveiling and Mitigating Generalized Biases of DNNs Through the Intrinsic Dimensions of Perceptual Manifolds"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8472-1475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanbiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of the Ministry of Education of China, International Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3354-9617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Licheng","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of the Ministry of Education of China, International Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-9354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of the Ministry of Education of China, International Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6130-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of the Ministry of Education of China, International Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8872-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of the Ministry of Education of China, International Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4796-5737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of the Ministry of Education of China, International Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8780-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of the Ministry of Education of China, International Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5472-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of the Ministry of Education of China, International Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06185-3"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3352096"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3275156"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Blip-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training with frozen image encoders and large language models","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"8748","article-title":"Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Radford"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3261988"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-022-00516-1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3637549"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2981890"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00030"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00656"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"4175","article-title":"Balanced meta-softmax for long-tailed visual recognition","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Ren"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2023.3303697"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-022-01643-3"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Delving into semantic scale imbalance","volume-title":"Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Ma"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01519"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2319"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2019.09.010"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3611698"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14578-5"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.08.029"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Maximum likelihood estimation of intrinsic dimension","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"17","author":"Levina","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611975673.21"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.01.030"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"Simonyan","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","author":"Dosovitskiy","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0816-y"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.383"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.8.031003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01460-y"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2023.1197031"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43958-w"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"6111","article-title":"Intrinsic dimension of data representations in deep neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Ansuini"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"The intrinsic dimension of images and its impact on learning","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Pope"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00949"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Decoupling representation and classifier for long-tailed recognition","author":"Kang","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00974"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-024-01983-2"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00642"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.324"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00957"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/34\/10873290\/10772274.pdf?arnumber=10772274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T18:38:26Z","timestamp":1738867106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10772274\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2024.3510048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}