{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:27:46Z","timestamp":1783106866766,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62376070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62376070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62206271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62206271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62076195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62076195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12226004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12226004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61721002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61721002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62272375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U20B2052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U20B2052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A2029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A2029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12426105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12426105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Key Project of PCL","award":["PCL2023A08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCL2023A08"]}]},{"name":"Major Key Project of PCL","award":["PCL2024A06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCL2024A06"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AUGA5710011522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AUGA5710011522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B1515130004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515130004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Technical Projects","award":["JSGG20220831105801004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20220831105801004"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Technical Projects","award":["CJGJZD2022051714160501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CJGJZD2022051714160501"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong University Featured Innovation Program","award":["2024KTSCX026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KTSCX026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2025.3532512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T18:25:48Z","timestamp":1737483948000},"page":"3625-3638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Semi-Supervised Counting via Pixel-by-Pixel Density Distribution Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1982-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0034-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computility Microelectronics, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9163-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongrong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2197-9038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaowei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6518-3130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhou","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;An, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0611-0636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology and Pengcheng Laboratory, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deyu","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.70"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01228-1_45"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00624"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00799"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2899857"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58621-8_13"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01526"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"3386","article-title":"Modeling noisy annotations for crowd counting","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Wan"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00465"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01216-8_33"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3035969"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00663"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00545"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Learning to count objects in images","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Lempitsky"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.429"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00120"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2017.8296324"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00109"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413642"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00745"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00104"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1595","article-title":"Distribution matching for crowd counting","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Wang"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i3.16332"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/116"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00845"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2019.2942970"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58586-0_15"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00322"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58565-5_34"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58555-6_15"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3547867"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02075"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3241211"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58598-3_1"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107616"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2928634"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP40776.2020.9054768"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00527"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00839"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"An image is worth 16\u00d716 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Dosovitskiy"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_13"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Deformable DETR: Deformable transformers for end-to-end object detection","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Zhu"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"End-to-end object detection with adaptive clustering transformer","author":"Zheng","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00359"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00681"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00863"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00717"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"17864","article-title":"Per-pixel classification is not all you need for semantic segmentation","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Cheng"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00803"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00162"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Transtrack: Multiple-object tracking with transformer","author":"Sun","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01901"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Scene-adaptive attention network for crowd counting","author":"Wei","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-021-3445-y"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802045-6.00036-3"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(00)00068-5"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Sliced-Wasserstein autoencoder: An embarrassingly simple generative model","author":"Kolouri","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Why the 1-Wasserstein distance is the area between the two marginal CDFs","author":"De Angelis","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Mean teachers are better role models: Weight-averaged consistency targets improve semi-supervised deep learning results","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Tarvainen"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00683"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3013269"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"CrowdHuman: A benchmark for detecting human in a crowd","author":"Shao","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00335"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/34\/10958761\/10848320.pdf?arnumber=10848320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T17:13:39Z","timestamp":1744305219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10848320\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2025.3532512","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}