{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T11:39:01Z","timestamp":1782733141609,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Researchand Development Program of China","award":["2020YFA0714003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0714003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62025604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62025604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62411540034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62411540034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"H. Fu’s Agency for Science"},{"name":"Technology and Research"},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","award":["2022YFS0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFS0071"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011785","name":"Science and Technology Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GXNSFAA069531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFAA069531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Hainan Province"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Singapore through its AI Singapore Programme","award":["AISG2-TC-2021-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AISG2-TC-2021-003"]}]},{"name":"A*STAR Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering Programmatic Fund","award":["A20H4b0141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A20H4b0141"]}]},{"name":"A*STAR Central Research Fund"},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","award":["2022YFS0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFS0071"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","award":["2023YFG0273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFG0273"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202206240082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206240082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2025.3596878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T17:44:12Z","timestamp":1754588652000},"page":"11315-11329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Uncertainty-Aware Medical Diagnostic Phrase Identification and Grounding"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2025-9859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6293-4624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yidi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1686-9854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0240-2831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuedong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7882-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9674-700X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6752-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yih Chung","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9702-5524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huazhu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43990-2_35"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00179"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME52920.2022.9859880"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19833-5_35"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02217"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01244"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43904-9_59"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"GPT-4 technical report","author":"Achiam","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"34892","article-title":"Visual instruction tuning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr52733.2024.02283"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4231-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2019.101557"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32245-8_67"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11726-9_6"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2022.06.007"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16452-1_48"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42444-7"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"3183","article-title":"Evidential deep learning to quantify classification uncertainty","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Sensoy","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Deep deterministic uncertainty for semantic segmentation","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. Workshop Uncertainty Robustness Deep Learn.","author":"Mukhoti","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"9690","article-title":"Uncertainty estimation using a single deep deterministic neural network","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Amersfoort","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01258-8_16"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00476"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2022.3207502"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"33536","article-title":"Multi-granularity cross-modal alignment for generalized medical visual representation learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"21372","article-title":"MedKLIP: Medical knowledge enhanced language-image pre-training","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/CVF Int. Conf. Comput. Vis.","author":"Wu","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-20059-5_1"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2024.3494246"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44172-024-00271-8"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"353","article-title":"Med-flamingo: A multimodal medical few-shot learner","volume-title":"Proc. Mach. Learn. Health","author":"Moor","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Towards generalist foundation model for radiology","author":"Wu","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3589335.3651941"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Large language models and medical knowledge grounding for diagnosis prediction","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"MAIRA-2: Grounded radiology report generation","author":"Bannur","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103223"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"A probabilistic U-net for segmentation of ambiguous images","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"31","author":"Kohl","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.3006437"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3399098"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102648"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00915"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00371"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/s0036144599352836"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.169"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00075"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.388"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-019-0322-0"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.369"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3580305.3599819"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1810.04805"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"RadGraph: Extracting clinical entities and relations from radiology reports","author":"Jain","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.117"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"19652","article-title":"Referring transformer: A one-step approach to multi-task visual grounding","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"34","author":"Muchen","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Capabilities of GPT-4 on medical challenge problems","author":"Nori","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models","author":"Touvron","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44824-z"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/34\/11230086\/11119420.pdf?arnumber=11119420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T18:53:14Z","timestamp":1762455194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11119420\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2025.3596878","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}