{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:00:11Z","timestamp":1758124811571,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2016YFB0801303","2016QY01W0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0801303","2016QY01W0105"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61772300","61433008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772300","61433008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpds.2018.2842183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T18:36:49Z","timestamp":1527791809000},"page":"2641-2657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Flattened Metadata Service for Distributed File Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4597-4533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fenlin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiwu","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6214-5390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youyou","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","article-title":"I\/O trace tool for HPC applications over Sunway TaihuLight\n Supercomputer","author":"yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"HPCA China"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid.2016.28"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30947-2_33","article-title":"Geohash and UUID identifier for multi-agent systems","author":"balki?","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc First KES Int l Symp Agent Multi-Agent Syst Technol Appl"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2184751.2184810"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"75","article-title":"ReconFS: A reconstructable\n file system on flash storage","author":"lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3126545"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Thrift: Scalable cross-language services implementation","volume":"5","author":"slee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Facebook White Paper"},{"article-title":"HDFS architecture guide","year":"2008","author":"borthakur","key":"ref36"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1165389.945450"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"145","article-title":"TABLEFS: Enhancing metadata efficiency in the local file system","author":"ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Annu Conf USENIX Ann Tech Conf"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.1304","article-title":"The XtreemFS architecture—a case for object-based file systems in\n Grids","volume":"20","year":"2008","journal-title":"Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience"},{"article-title":"HopsFS: Scaling hierarchical file system metadata using newSQL databases","year":"2016","author":"niazi","key":"ref62"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SNAPI.2010.14"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3126908.3126928"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"59","article-title":"To FUSE or\n Not to FUSE: Performance of user-space file systems","author":"vangoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Kyoto cabinet: A straightforward implementation of DBM","author":"hirabayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"FA Labs"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"CalvinFS: Consistent WAN replication and scalable metadata management for distributed file\n systems","author":"thomson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"OrangeFS: Advancing PVFS","author":"moore","year":"2011","journal-title":"FAST Poster Session"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2807591.2807607"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"133","article-title":"Wisckey: Separating keys from\n values in SSD-conscious storage","author":"lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"41","article-title":"A comparison of file system workloads","author":"roselli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Annu Tech Conf General Track"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2014.25"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2010.154"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTER.2012.38"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTER.2012.65"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"13","article-title":"Scale and concurrency of GIGA+: File system directories with millions of files","volume":"11","author":"patil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 10th USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"307","article-title":"Ceph: A scalable, high-performance distributed file system","author":"weil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Symp Operating Systems Design and Implementation"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Leveldb","volume":"1","author":"dean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retrieved"},{"year":"2011","key":"ref25","article-title":"Leveldb benchmarks"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"257","article-title":"Extending the lifetime of\n flash-based storage through reducing write amplification from file systems","author":"lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 11th USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"273","article-title":"F2FS: A new file system for flash storage","author":"lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"205","article-title":"The design and implementation of the\n inversion file system","author":"olson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Winter Conf"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hierarchical file systems are dead","author":"seltzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Workshop Hot Topics in Operating Systems"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1769","article-title":"Efficient storage management for aged file\n systems on persistent memory","author":"zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Des Autom Test Eur Conf Exhib"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3078468","article-title":"HiNFS: A persistent memory file system with\n both buffering and direct-access","volume":"14","author":"chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Trans Storage"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"323","article-title":"Nova: A log-structured file system for hybrid volatile\/non-volatile main memories","author":"xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"A high performance file system\n for non-volatile main memory","author":"ou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 11th Eur Conf Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2592798.2592814"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"87","article-title":"ParaFS: A\n log-structured file system to exploit the internal parallelism of flash devices","author":"zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Annu Tech Conf"},{"year":"0","key":"ref10"},{"year":"2011","key":"ref11","article-title":"Leveldb benchmarks"},{"year":"0","key":"ref40"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2004.22"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"391","article-title":"PVFS: A parallel file system for linux clusters","author":"ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"4th Annu Linux Showcase and Conf"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Scale out with glusterfs","volume":"2013","author":"davies","year":"2013","journal-title":"Linux J"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"773","article-title":"Octopus: An RDMA-enabled distributed persistent memory\n file system","author":"lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Annu Tech Conf"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"The\n panasas activescale storage cluster: Delivering scalable high bandwidth storage","author":"nagle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc ACM\/IEEE Conf Supercomputing"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"380","article-title":"Lustre: Building a file system for 1000-node\n clusters","volume":"2003","author":"schwan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Linux Symp"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2013.6"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/844128.844130","article-title":"Farsite: Federated, available, and reliable storage for an incompletely trusted\n environment","volume":"36","author":"adya","year":"2002","journal-title":"ACM SIGOPS Operating Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"145","article-title":"TableFS: Enhancing metadata efficiency in the local file system","author":"ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Annu Tech Conf"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"5","article-title":"Measurement and analysis\n of large-scale network file system workloads","volume":"1","author":"leung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Annu Tech Conf"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"301","article-title":"BetrFS: A right-optimized write-optimized file system","author":"jannen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"17","article-title":"Building workload-independent storage with vt-trees","author":"shetty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 11th USENIX Conf File Storage Technol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002360050048"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimizing every operation in a write-optimized file system","author":"yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"4th Usenix Conf on File and Storage Tech"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1837915.1837922"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.1304"},{"year":"0","key":"ref46","article-title":"libcephfs"},{"year":"0","key":"ref45","article-title":"libgfapi"},{"year":"0","key":"ref48","article-title":"Vi4io"},{"year":"0","key":"ref47","article-title":"Md-real-io"},{"year":"0","key":"ref42","article-title":"Extra packages for enterprise linux (epel)"},{"year":"0","key":"ref41","article-title":"Lustre releases"},{"year":"0","key":"ref44","article-title":"mdtest"},{"year":"2016","key":"ref43","article-title":"Analysis of dne phase i and ii in the latest lustre* releases"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/71\/8531999\/08370078.pdf?arnumber=8370078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T19:00:38Z","timestamp":1643223638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8370078\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpds.2018.2842183","relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1045-9219"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-2183"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2161-9883"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]}}}