{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T21:14:45Z","timestamp":1782335685574,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2004894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2004894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2004932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2004932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-06CH11357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-06CH11357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpds.2022.3208767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T22:52:43Z","timestamp":1663887163000},"page":"4948-4963","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["<i>func<\/i>X: Federated Function as a Service for Science"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1903-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuozhao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6781-7432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Chard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadu","family":"Babuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3811-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Galewsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCSA, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Skluzacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4494-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirill","family":"Nagaitsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Woodard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Blaiszik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Bryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5934-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCSA, CS, ECE, and the iSchool, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7370-4805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Chard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3407790.3407836"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"154","article-title":"Faaster, better, cheaper: The prospect of serverless scientific computing and HPC","author":"spillner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Latin Amer High Perform Comput Conf"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3431379.3460636"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577522007895"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3177851"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2019.2895307"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Containers-as-a-service via the actor model","author":"stubbs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 11th Gateway Comput Environments Conf"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109434200101500302"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eScience.2016.7870901"},{"key":"ref38","author":"foster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cloud Computing for Science and Engineering"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4141629"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"133","article-title":"Peeking behind the curtains of serverless platforms","author":"wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Annu Tech Conf"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Globus automation services: Research process automation across the space-time continuum","author":"chard","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3369583.3392683"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2014.52"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"173","article-title":"High-performance ptychographic reconstruction with federated facilities","author":"bicer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Smoky Mountains Comput Sci Eng Conf"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2011.64"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Reproducible research environments with repo2docker","author":"forde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Workshop Reproducibility Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3423211.3425690"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudNet53349.2021.9657141"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Peer-to-peer computing","author":"milojicic","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CP03551C"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"385","article-title":"Scaling memcache at Facebook","author":"nishtala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 10th USENIX Symp Netw Syst Des Implementation"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3126908.3126925"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2019.2901467"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"17","article-title":"Efficient GPU sharing for serverless workflows","author":"satzke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc 1st Workshop High Perform Serverless Comput"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5026-8_1"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Evaluation of mpi4py for natural language processing scenarios","author":"saxena","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36133-2_25"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341105.3373909"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS49936.2021.00088"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"205","article-title":"Serverless in the wild: Characterizing and optimizing the serverless workload at a large cloud provider","author":"shahrad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Annu Tech Conf"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS51616.2021.00027"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"419","article-title":"Firecracker: Lightweight virtualization for serverless applications","author":"agache","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc 17th USENIX Symp Netw Syst Des Implementation"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2005.72"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"923","article-title":"SAND: Towards high-performance serverless computing","author":"akkus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Annu Tech Conf"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3307681.3325400"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCC55611.2022.00023"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.2989771"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Flox: Federated learning with faas at the edge","author":"kotsehub","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf eScience"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Docker: Lightweight linux containers for consistent development and deployment","volume":"2014","author":"merkel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Linux J"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"25","article-title":"Towards serverless execution of scientific workflows&#x2013;HyperFlow case ssudy","author":"malawski","year":"2016","journal-title":"The 5th Workshop on Workflows in Support of Large-Scale Science"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S2052252521011258"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.3028841"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341302.3342071"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177459"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPSW52791.2021.00018"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.432"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref11","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Status of serverless computing and function-as-a-service (FaaS) in industry and research","author":"fox","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S2059798317017235"},{"key":"ref16","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100170118"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MLHPC54614.2021.00007"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3873"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"33","article-title":"Contain this, unleashing docker for HPC","author":"jacobsen","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2017.2779502"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2019.00012"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3010119"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"808","article-title":"Conceptualizing a computing platform for science beyond 2020","author":"fox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 10th Int Conf Cloud Comput"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"295","article-title":"Mesos: A platform for fine-grained resource sharing in the data center","author":"hindman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 8th USENIX Conf Netw Syst Des Implementation"},{"key":"ref43","author":"hightower","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kubernetes Up and Running Dive Into the Future of Infrastructure"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/71\/9790018\/9899739-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/71\/9790018\/09899739.pdf?arnumber=9899739","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T18:08:38Z","timestamp":1698084518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9899739\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpds.2022.3208767","relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-9219","1558-2183","2161-9883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-9219","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2183","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2161-9883","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}}}