{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T05:08:41Z","timestamp":1785820121874,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tps-isa67132.2025.00033","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T20:50:15Z","timestamp":1772571015000},"page":"237-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["PQC-LEO: An Evaluation Framework for Post-Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Callum","family":"Turino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Napier University,Edinburgh,UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Napier University,Edinburgh,UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Napier University,Edinburgh,UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Th\u00fcmmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6GHI,Leipzig,Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-8661-3_2"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1994.365700"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1137\/S0097539795293172","article-title":"Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Prime Factorization and Discrete Logarithms on a Quantum Computer","volume":"26","author":"Shor","year":"1997","journal-title":"SIAM Journal on Computing"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2022.101880","article-title":"Analysis of the likelihood of quantum computing proliferation","volume":"68","author":"Rosch-Grace","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","first-page":"40","article-title":"A Survey of Post-Quantum Cryptography: Start of a New Race","volume-title":"Cryptography","volume":"7","author":"Dam","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04623-2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/nist.ir.8309"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.8545","article-title":"Status Report on the Fourth Round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process","volume-title":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Tech. Rep. NIST Internal or Interagency Report (NISTIR) 8545","author":"Alagic","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"460","article-title":"A Survey on Post Quantum Cryptosystems: Concept, Attacks, and Challenges in IoT Devices","volume-title":"2023 10th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)","author":"Iqbal","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1109\/UBMK55850.2022.9919545","article-title":"Performance Evaluation of TLS 1.3 Handshake on Resource-Constrained Devices Using NIST\u2019s Third Round Post-Quantum Key Encapsulation Mechanisms and Digital Signatures","volume-title":"2022 7th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK)","author":"Sar\u0131ba\u015f","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC51644.2023.10060762","article-title":"Performance Evaluation of Quantum-Resistant TLS for Consumer IoT Devices","volume-title":"2023 IEEE 20th Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","author":"Bozhko","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open quantum safe"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35940\/ijeat.e4153.0612523"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOIN56518.2023.10048976","article-title":"Post Quantum Cryptography: A Review of Techniques, Challenges and Standardizations","volume-title":"2023 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN)","author":"Bavdekar","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237814.237866"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"834","article-title":"A Review of the Present Cryptographic Arsenal to Deal with Post-Quantum Threats","volume-title":"Procedia Computer Science","volume":"215","author":"Yalamuri","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-87541-0_1"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"NIST Releases First 3 Finalized Post-Quantum Encryption Standards","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Status Report on the First Round of Additional Digital Signature Schemes for Post-Quantum Cryptography","volume-title":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","author":"Alagic","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ise2.12101"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100174","article-title":"A comprehensive survey of prominent cryptographic aspects for securing communication in post-quantum IoT networks","volume":"9","author":"Lohachab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-022-00117-w","article-title":"Hash-based signature revisited","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cybersecurity"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.3121"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","first-page":"1748","article-title":"Post-Quantum Blockchain Security for the Internet of Things: Survey and Research Directions","volume-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials","volume":"26","author":"Gharavi","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571071"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-30589-4_15"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10160","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3528562","article-title":"A Survey of Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration in Vehicles","volume":"13","author":"Lohmiller","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072484","article-title":"Secure IoT in the Era of Quantum Computers-Where Are the Bottlenecks?","volume":"22","author":"Sch\u00f6ffel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards the Quantum-Safe Web: Benchmarking Post-Quantum TLS","volume-title":"IEEE Network","author":"Rios","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Performance Analysis and Deployment Considerations of Post-Quantum Cryptography for Consumer Electronics","author":"Commey","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3390\/cryptography9020032","article-title":"A Practical Performance Benchmark of Post-Quantum Cryptography Across Heterogeneous Computing Environments","volume":"9","author":"Abbasi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cryptography"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2025.101650","article-title":"A comprehensive and realistic performance evaluation of post-quantum security for consumer IoT devices","volume":"33","author":"Hanna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","first-page":"21","article-title":"Constrained Device Performance Benchmarking with the Implementation of Post-Quantum Cryptography","volume-title":"Cryptography","volume":"8","author":"Fitzgibbon","year":"2024"}],"event":{"name":"2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Intelligent Systems, and Applications (TPS-ISA)","location":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]}},"container-title":["2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Intelligent Systems, and Applications (TPS-ISA)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/11410113\/11410157\/11410195.pdf?arnumber=11410195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T07:17:48Z","timestamp":1772608668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11410195\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tps-isa67132.2025.00033","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]}}}