{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:25:21Z","timestamp":1780565121018,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Rel."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tr.2017.2731953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T18:09:21Z","timestamp":1502302161000},"page":"825-836","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Software Engineering of Safety-Critical Systems: Themes From Practitioners"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Phillip A.","family":"Laplante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna F.","family":"DeFranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Safety Instrumented functions (SIF)&#x2014;Safety integrity level (SIL) evaluation\n techniques Part 1: Introduction","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEC 61508 Functional Safety of Electrical\/electronic\/programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems"},{"key":"ref33","year":"2011","journal-title":"A Guide to the Rulemaking Process"},{"key":"ref32","year":"2011","journal-title":"Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification"},{"key":"ref31","year":"1992","journal-title":"Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification"},{"key":"ref30","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FOSE.2007.24"},{"key":"ref36","author":"roess","year":"2011","journal-title":"Traffic Engineering"},{"key":"ref35","year":"1981","journal-title":"Fault Tree Handbook NUREG-0492"},{"key":"ref34","year":"0"},{"key":"ref28","author":"slabodkin","year":"1998","journal-title":"GCN"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Hackers remotely kill a jeep on the highway&#x2014;With me in it","author":"greenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wired"},{"key":"ref29","year":"0"},{"key":"ref2","author":"moteff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Critical Infrastructure and Key Assets Definition and Identification Congressional Research Service"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2618111"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2009","journal-title":"CBCNews"},{"key":"ref22","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wikipedia"},{"key":"ref21","author":"roe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chicago Tribune"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Army is blaming patriot's computer for failure to stop\n Dhahran scud","author":"schmitt","year":"1991","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Ariane 5, flight 501 failure","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref26","author":"smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Huffington Post"},{"key":"ref25","author":"burke","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNN"},{"key":"ref50","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref51","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"4","article-title":"A principles and practices exam specification to support software engineering licensure in the United\n States of America","volume":"15","author":"laplante","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Software Quality Profile"},{"key":"ref52","author":"laplante","year":"2014","journal-title":"Requirements Engineering for Software and Systems"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can Self-Driving Cars Cope With Illogical Humans? Google Car Crashed Because Bus Driver Didn&#x2019;t Do What It Expected"},{"key":"ref11","author":"fitzsimmons","year":"2016","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"ref40","year":"0"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wikipedia"},{"key":"ref13","author":"levin","year":"2008","journal-title":"USA Today"},{"key":"ref14","author":"yates","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chicago Tribune"},{"key":"ref15","year":"1994","journal-title":"Deseret News"},{"key":"ref16","author":"hansell","year":"1994","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECBS.1999.755860"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1993.274940"},{"key":"ref19","author":"wallace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Globe and Mail"},{"key":"ref4","author":"burke","year":"1995","journal-title":"All Circuits are Busy Now The 1990 AT&T Long Distance Network Collapse"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Critical Infrastructure Sectors"},{"key":"ref6","author":"peterson","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Free Library"},{"key":"ref5","author":"elmer-dewitt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Time"},{"key":"ref8","author":"krebs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Washington Post"},{"key":"ref7","author":"zamost","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNN"},{"key":"ref49","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wikipedia"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16416-3_4"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Limitations\n of agile software processes","author":"turk","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Conf Extreme Program Agile Processes Softw Eng -XP2002"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.06.031"},{"key":"ref47","year":"1986","journal-title":"Good Examples Software Testing"},{"key":"ref42","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISO26262 Road Vehicles&#x2014;Functional Safety"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEC 62304 Medical Device Software&#x2014;Software Life Cycle Processes"},{"key":"ref44","author":"cockburn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agile Software Development The Cooperative Game"},{"key":"ref43","year":"2012","journal-title":"DoD Standard Practice for System Safety"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Reliability"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/24\/8022996\/08006260.pdf?arnumber=8006260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:04:27Z","timestamp":1642003467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8006260\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tr.2017.2731953","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9529","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-1721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}