{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T20:17:36Z","timestamp":1783369056992,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Industrial Transformation Research Hub Scheme","award":["IH180100010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IH180100010"]}]},{"name":"Industrial Transformation Research Hub Scheme","award":["DP190102134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP190102134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Rel."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tr.2026.3701756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T19:52:01Z","timestamp":1781034721000},"page":"2334-2348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Simulation Framework for Adaptive Stress Testing of Autonomous Driving Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7679-5511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linh","family":"Trinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDLab, University of Antwerp-imec, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7771-9836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quang-Hung","family":"Luu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5208-1649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thai","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6984-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2010.2085574"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Adaptive stress testing of airborne collision avoidance systems","volume-title":"Proc. 34th Digit. Avionics Syst. Conf. (DASC)","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adaptive stress testing for autonomous vehicles","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp. (IV)","author":"Mark","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2022.10.472"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2019.8917242"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Speeding up adaptive stress testing: Reinforcement learning using Monte Carlo tree search with neural networks and memoization","volume-title":"Proc. 37th AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell.","author":"Lytskjold","year":"2023"},{"issue":"23-0258","key":"ref7","article-title":"Euro ncap rescuetertiary safety assessment","volume-title":"Proc. 27th Int. Tech. Conf. Enhanced Saf. Veh. (ESV) Nat. Highway Traffic Saf. Admin.","author":"Edmonds","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to driving automation systems for on-road motor vehicles","volume":"3016","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"A framework for automated driving system testable cases and scenarios","author":"Thorn","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"26262: 2018: Road vehiclesfunctional safety","volume":"12","author":"ISO","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"29","article-title":"New car assessment program for Southeast Asian countries (asean ncap)A new paradigm shift in the asean\u2019s automotive ecosystem","volume":"10","author":"Jawi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Eastern Asia Soc. Transp. Stud."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2016.09.010"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2016-01-0128"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2022.3170122"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"The adaptive stress testing formulation","author":"Koren","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"4178","article-title":"Efficient autonomy validation in simulation with adaptive stress testing","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Conf.","author":"Mark","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS51168.2021.9636072"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103047"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Using adaptive stress testing to identify paths to ethical dilemmas in autonomous systems","volume-title":"SafeAI, AAAI, ser. CEUR Workshop Proc.","volume":"3087","author":"Reuel","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"38","article-title":"Adaptive failure search using critical states from domain experts","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Automat.","author":"Peter","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3274536"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2015.164"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2016.7795548"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"377","article-title":"A survey of algorithms for black-box safety validation of cyber-physical systems","volume":"72","author":"Corso","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Artif. Int. Res."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS47612.2022.9981724"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCIAIG.2012.2186810"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"On a formal model of safe and scalable self-driving cars","volume":"abs\/1708.06374","author":"Shalev-Shwartz","year":"2017","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1889","article-title":"Trust region policy optimization","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","volume":"37","author":"Schulman","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Proximal policy optimization algorithms","author":"Schulman","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05732-2"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV55152.2023.10186735"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3259322","article-title":"A survey on safety-critical driving scenario generationA methodological perspective","volume":"24","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC58415.2024.10919498"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"An environment for autonomous driving decision-making","author":"Leurent","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11771-020-4560-2"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/s0002-9904-1954-09848-8"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1680\/tran.11.00031"},{"issue":"268","key":"ref38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stable-baselines3: Reliable reinforcement learning implementations","volume":"22","author":"Raffin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Addressing function approximation error in actor-critic methods","volume-title":"Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Addressing function approximation error in actor-critic methods","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Mobil: General Lane-Changing Model For Car-Following Models","author":"Treiber","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physreve.62.1805"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106281"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"20","article-title":"A method to identify aggressive driver behaviour based on enriched gps data analysis","volume-title":"Proc. GEOProcessing","author":"Jasinski","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3374044"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Reliability"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/24\/11317936\/11554964.pdf?arnumber=11554964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:44:53Z","timestamp":1783367093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11554964\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tr.2026.3701756","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9529","1558-1721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9529","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-1721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}