{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:30:27Z","timestamp":1777984227056,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the NIH","award":["R01HD094772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD094772"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1846969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1846969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1949869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1949869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1949346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1949346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Robot."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tro.2022.3226887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T16:59:34Z","timestamp":1673629174000},"page":"2151-2169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Data-Driven Variable Impedance Control of a Powered Knee\u2013Ankle Prosthesis for Adaptive Speed and Incline Walking"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0404-2166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. Kevin","family":"Best","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2769-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara Gonzalez","family":"Welker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department and Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elliott J.","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert D.","family":"Gregg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2346927"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17483100802715092"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2307256"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"An autonomous control system for a prosthetic foot ankle","volume":"39","author":"svensson","year":"2006","journal-title":"IFAC Proc Volumes"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2009.5209625"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090125"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2758325"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.02.009"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00008-8"},{"key":"ref52","author":"westervelt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Feedback Control of Dynamic Bipedal Robot Locomotion"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010613"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.3045003"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3140702"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120506102"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2014.6945046"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2010.2087360"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz229"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2015.2428196"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2018.2880199"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA46639.2022.9811578"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3179420"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2021.3078317"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2018.2794536"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2014.2361937"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2019.2955740"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.3040260"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1464-7"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2021.3049194"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS51168.2021.9636180"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043460"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-016-0284-9"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043323"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.08.220"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.034"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2014.2360303"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21962"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.025"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.11.0197"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2022.3152134"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4527"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2009.2034734"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2021.3107780"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2656467"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2971552"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2334616"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2022.3168796"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364918785993"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOROB.2018.8487193"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2933614"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BioRob49111.2020.9224413"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1984.1103644"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72131-2"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2014.2360305"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2021.3084036"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804441"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.2978216"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0764-0"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-12-1"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2020.3005533"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aba6635"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.08.016"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3150523"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.04.015"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202895"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during continuously varying human locomotion","volume":"8","author":"reznick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Data Science Journal"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364905058363"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2018.2879570"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"1","article-title":"A kinematic and kinetic dataset of 18 above-knee amputees walking at various speeds","volume":"7","author":"hood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Data Science Journal"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794140"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043002"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"A virtual dog walk with a robotic prosthetic leg","author":"best","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099387"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(02)00066-8"},{"key":"ref63","author":"bowker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Atlas of Limb Prosthetics Surgical Prosthetic and Rehabilitation Principles"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJEMB.2021.3104261"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80528-1"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364914545673"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.10.014"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2021.790060"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA40945.2020.9197565"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2020.590681"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2014.2343228"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2327230"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-00619-3"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Robotics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/8860\/10144918\/10017125-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/8860\/10144918\/10017125.pdf?arnumber=10017125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T15:01:10Z","timestamp":1687791670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10017125\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tro.2022.3226887","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.19165895","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.19165895.v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.19165895.v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.19165895.v4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.36227\/techrxiv.19165895.v3","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1552-3098","1941-0468"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-3098","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0468","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}}}