{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T23:39:35Z","timestamp":1783553975752,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/Crown.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2025-05416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2025-05416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tsc.2025.3601051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T18:42:45Z","timestamp":1755715365000},"page":"4318-4334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Understanding AWS Provider Dependency Updates in Infrastructure-As-Code: Empirical Study, Taxonomy, and Insights"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5914-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahi","family":"Begoug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering and IT, ETS Montreal, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4708-0362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering and IT, ETS Montreal, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasem","family":"Khelifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering and IT, ETS Montreal, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Infrastructure as Code","author":"Morris","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM56168.2023.10304847"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09841-8"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSR57506.2023.10224925"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"The state of open source: The 2024 octoverse report","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Terraform: Up and Running","author":"Brikman","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Terraform aws provider documentation","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM51674.2020.00032"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.111059"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-96-0808-9_28"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Understanding AWS provider dependency updates in infrastructure-as-code: Empirical study, taxonomy, and insights","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Terraform in Depth: Infrastructure as Code With Terraform and OpenTofu","author":"Hafner","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Version constraint behavior","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2018.00050"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90421-4_6"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-024-10610-0"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"100","article-title":"Fine-grained just-in-time defect prediction at the block level in infrastructure-as-code (IAC)","volume-title":"Proc. 21st Int. conf. Mining Softw. Repositories","author":"Begoug"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR66628.2025.00100"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.2986415"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-017-9512-6"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2597073.2597074"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Terraform registry API documentation","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Terraform registry","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"450","article-title":"Terrametrics: An open source tool for infrastructure-as-code (iac) quality metrics in terraform","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd IEEE\/ACM Int. Conf. Prog. Comprehension","author":"Begoug"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2503210.2503256"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2009.5069475"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468571"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2019.2918315"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2635868.2635882"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2597073.2597076"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2568225.2568260"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2022.3165056"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183519.3183542"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524842.3527932"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3643991.3645084"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-017-9521-5"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"255","article-title":"Do developers update third-party libraries in mobile apps?","volume-title":"Proc. 26th Conf. Prog. Comprehension","author":"Salza"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.09.007"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Semantic versioning 2.0.0","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3112204"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR59073.2023.00078"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Terraform aws provider changelog","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.27-2-2020.2303255"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3301326.3301380"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3387904.3389270"},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"Exploratory Data Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Tukey","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2333709"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491.MR0022058.Zbl0041.26103"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Appropriate statistics for ordinal level data: Should we really be using t-test and cohen\u2019sd for evaluating group differences on the NSSE and other surveys","volume-title":"Proc. Annu. Meeting Florida Assoc. Institutional Res.","author":"Romano"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.110951"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3680472"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSM.2015.7332457"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-015-9381-9"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-019-09754-1"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2019.00072"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2011.36"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1882362.1882448"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3660821"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468589"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BotSE67031.2025.00010"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3106247"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR52588.2021.00074"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"137","article-title":"Findings from github: Methods, datasets and limitations","volume-title":"Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Mining Softw. Repositories","author":"Cosentino"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Error thrown on invalid provider address during terraform init","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Opentofu","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Terragrunt documentation","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Ansible by red hat","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER64311.2025.00025"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3689799"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"134488","article-title":"Iac-eval: A code generation benchmark for cloud infrastructure-as-code programs","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Kon"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"995","article-title":"Small world with high risks: A study of security threats in the NPM ecosystem","volume-title":"Proc. 28th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Zimmermann"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3618257.3624804"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2019.00061"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2025.3537102"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Services Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4629386\/11298270\/11131627.pdf?arnumber=11131627","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T12:27:41Z","timestamp":1766060861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11131627\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tsc.2025.3601051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1374","2372-0204"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1374","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2372-0204","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}}}