{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T20:21:48Z","timestamp":1785010908725,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PZ00P2_186090 (TED)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PZ00P2_186090 (TED)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IIEEE Trans. Software Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tse.2022.3140868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T20:30:56Z","timestamp":1641501056000},"page":"44-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["The Secret Life of Software Vulnerabilities: A Large-Scale Empirical Study"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7489-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Iannone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Guadagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4238-1425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"De Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9337-5116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Palomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Engineering (SeSa) Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4949"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6967-5_6"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"273","article-title":"An empirical study of vulnerability rewards programs","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Conf. Secur.","author":"Finifter"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Security in Computing","author":"Pfleeger","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.06.009"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"147","article-title":"Securing software by enforcing data-flow integrity","volume-title":"Proc. Symp. Oper. Syst. Des. Implementation","author":"Castro"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARES.2007.96"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2017.8115621"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE.2006.43"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3055305.3055312"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2011.18"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2006.29"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"18","article-title":"Finding security vulnerabilities in java applications with static analysis","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Livshits"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1094811.1094840"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2010.06.003"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1315245.1315311"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134072"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"51","article-title":"A qualitative analysis of variability weaknesses in configurable systems with #ifdefs","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Workshop Variability Model. Softw.-Intensive Syst.","author":"Muniz"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM.2016.30"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2653105"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2012.6227141"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-017-9541-1"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESEM.2013.19"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.12.001"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2012.70"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2016.7503705"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/381790.381795"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2004.1317449"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2012.83"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Survival Analysis","author":"Miller","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(02)00060-2"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/METRICS.2005.28"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.05.024"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCRE.2004.33"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45672-4_31"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2006.10.002"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2006.145"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEA.2010.209"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23088-2_15"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1083142.1083147"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2016.2616306"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3264598"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2018.03.009"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2013.6624018"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2752171"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2019.05.002"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17148\/IARJSET.2015.2305"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702549"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2018.2883603"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq191"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2011.15"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606610"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2664243.2664254"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1370750.1370773"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.3005995"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM.2012.20"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.1994.296790"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ARES.2011.82"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2998181.2998191"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2659747"},{"key":"ref75","volume-title":"Why Programs Fail: A Guide to Systematic Debugging","author":"Zeller","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173836"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref77","first-page":"344","article-title":"Have things changed now? an empirical study on input validation vulnerabilities in web applications","volume-title":"Comput. Secur.","volume":"31","author":"Scholte","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM.2011.7"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"167","article-title":"Sofia: An automated security oracle for black-box testing of SQL-injection vulnerabilities","volume-title":"Proc. 31st IEEE\/ACM Int. Conf. Automated Softw. Eng.","author":"Ceccato"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319619.3322026"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"An empirical study of security warnings from static application security testing tools","volume-title":"J. Syst. Softw.","volume":"158","author":"Aloraini","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2016.31"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379597.3387457"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2012.14"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2931037.2931057"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274404"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.05.003"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2345156.2254075"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-SEIS.2019.00010"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139062367","volume-title":"Human Error","author":"Reason","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.3040554"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813604"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2017.8254428"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3239235.3267440"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.05.017"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2009.5090025"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2008.123"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2011.41"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.3021380"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.1838"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.913"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2005.030814.x"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/32.177364"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2020.102067"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2018.2810116"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/32\/10008953\/09672730.pdf?arnumber=9672730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T22:38:09Z","timestamp":1705185489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9672730\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tse.2022.3140868","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3520","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2326-3881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}