{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T18:29:06Z","timestamp":1772044146869,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IIEEE Trans. Software Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tse.2023.3289808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T17:35:09Z","timestamp":1687887309000},"page":"4304-4323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Self-Admitted Technical Debt in Ethereum Smart Contracts: A Large-Scale Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0706-9820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Mohammad","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5419-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7749-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed E.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3278532.3278575"},{"key":"ref57","year":"0"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.3031401"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/METRIC.1997.637156"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09852-5"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TechDebt52882.2021.00010"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Characterizing code clones in the ethereum smart contract ecosystem","author":"he","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MTD.2015.7332621"},{"key":"ref53","year":"0"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2020.2979019"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2014.31"},{"key":"ref55","author":"chittoda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mastering Blockchain Programming with Solidity Write production-ready smart contracts for Ethereum blockchain with Solidity"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3115772"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.2989002"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.469759"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.2971482"},{"key":"ref19","author":"wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infrastructure as Code Patterns and Practices With Examples in Python and Terraform"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-021-10018-0"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447247"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2022.2067125"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3377815.3381377"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"315","article-title":"A Large-Scale Empirical Study on Self-Admitted Technical Debt","author":"bavota","year":"2016","journal-title":"2016 IEEE\/ACM 13th Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3416262"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3194113.3194115"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10283-7"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3549542"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3338906.3338949"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1989.4308385"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3116808"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2022.106855"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/157709.157715"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"179","article-title":"Self-admitted technical debt in R packages: An exploratory study","author":"vidoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc IEEE\/ACM 18th Int Conf Mining Softw Repositories"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.552"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Maintaining smart contracts on ethereum: Issues, techniques, and future challenges","author":"chen","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"What we’ve learned so far about blockchain for business","author":"lacity","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3473130"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"993","article-title":"Latent dirichlet allocation","volume":"3","author":"blei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1982.1056489"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3567582"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MTD.2015.7332619"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10888-011-9188-x"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2007.30"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539809545028"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","author":"rajaraman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Data Mining"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-019-09796-5"},{"key":"ref1","author":"furlonger","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Real Business of Blockchain How Leaders Can Create Value in a New Digital Age"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2018.05.010"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2015.10.008"},{"key":"ref70","author":"gamma","year":"1994","journal-title":"Design Patterns Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2654244"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3488245"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2022.3207428"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"The state of smart contract upgrades","author":"palladino","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"9","article-title":"SATD Detector: A Text-Mining-Based Self-Admitted Technical Debt Detection Tool","author":"liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"2018 IEEE\/ACM 40th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-Companion) ICSE-Companion"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-017-9522-4"},{"key":"ref69","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Upgrading smart contracts–Upgrade mechanism: Proxy patterns","year":"0"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Identifying self-admitted technical debt through code comment analysis with a contextualized vocabulary","volume":"121","author":"de freitas farias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf Softw Technol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3275245.3275248"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME55016.2022.00034"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2019.2942301"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3431726"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"492","article-title":"The dimensions of maintenance","author":"swanson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc 22nd Int Conf Software Engineering"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC48747.2019.00050"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3324916"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Appropriate statistics for ordinal level data: Should we really be using t-test and Cohen’sd for evaluating group differences on the NSSE and other surveys?","author":"romano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Annu Meeting Florida Assoc Institutional Res"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23940\/ijpe.22.03.p1.149157"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62386-3_14"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"4171","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"devlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Conf North Amer Chapter Assoc Comput Linguistics Hum Lang Technol"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/32\/10255132\/10164171.pdf?arnumber=10164171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T18:55:48Z","timestamp":1696877748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10164171\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tse.2023.3289808","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3520","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2326-3881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}}}