{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:25:13Z","timestamp":1778041513785,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB2700603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB2700603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62172405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62172405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62072487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62227805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62227805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62072398"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62072398"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Public Welfare Projects Foundation of Henan","award":["201300210200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201300210200"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["M21036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M21036"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Key R&amp;D Plan","award":["2021C01116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021C01116"]}]},{"name":"Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang","award":["2018R01005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R01005"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LD22F020002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LD22F020002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IIEEE Trans. Software Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tse.2023.3317209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T17:50:32Z","timestamp":1695405032000},"page":"4886-4916","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["VulHunter: Hunting Vulnerable Smart Contracts at EVM Bytecode-Level via Multiple Instance Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2195-0799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8593-9636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0002-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1455-4330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3104-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rujin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6024-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2268-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6087-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8118-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3035918.3064033"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63688-7_11"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2018.23082"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978309"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2021.3095196"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-022-10218-2"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1145\/3194113.3194115","article-title":"SmartCheck: Static analysis of Ethereum smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/ACM 1st Int. Workshop Emerg. Trends Softw. Eng. Blockchain (WETSEB@ICSE)","author":"Tikhomirov","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WETSEB.2019.00008"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Security analysis tool for EVM bytecode"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238177"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363230"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/454"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3240728"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2745"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2019.00067"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSRE52982.2021.00047"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN52387.2021.9534324"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274694.3274737"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243780"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3054928"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274694.3274743"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1271","article-title":"EOSAFE: Security analysis of EOSIO smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. 30th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"He","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1591","article-title":"The art of the scam: Demystifying honeypots in Ethereum smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. 28th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Torres","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2019.00133"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Teether: Gnawing at Ethereum to automatically exploit smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. 27th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Krupp","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46214.2022.9833721"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2019.2949561"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE51524.2021.9678888"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3050051"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2020.2968505"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Solidity v0.5.0 breaking changes"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Contracts with verified source codes only"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3345664"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Ethereum\/Solc-js"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-C.2017.150"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Vyper documentation","author":"Team"},{"issue":"2014","key":"ref37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","volume":"151","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Ethereum\/go-ethereum"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC52881.2021.00021"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3061639.3062187"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10575-8_11"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78800-3_24"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08867-9_49"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22110-1_14"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39799-8_3"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"2757","article-title":"ETHBMC: A bounded model checker for smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. 29th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Frank","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Optim"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Crossentropyloss"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/379"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2020.2989002"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"530","article-title":"Empirical review of automated analysis tools on 47,587 Ethereum smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/ACM 42nd Int. Conf. Softw. Eng. (ICSE).","author":"Durieux","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1325","article-title":"Smart contract vulnerabilities: Vulnerable does not imply exploited","volume-title":"Proc. 30th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Perez","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref53","article-title":"Ethereum\/the solidity programming language"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Oscillo 1.0.0","author":"Mengnan"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1289","article-title":"EVMPatch: Timely and automated patching of Ethereum smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. 30th USENIX Secur. Symp.","author":"Rodler","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Captum: Model interpretability for pytorch","author":"Source"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Tuning parameters"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2023.23080"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(91)90009-T"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2015.0203"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.155"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i04.6030"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"2132","article-title":"Attention-based deep multiple instance learning","volume-title":"Proc. ICML","volume":"80","author":"Ilse","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA482657"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"209","article-title":"KLEE: Unassisted and automatic generation of high-coverage tests for complex systems programs","volume-title":"Proc. OSDI.","author":"Cadar","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23413"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2993600.2993611"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00066"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-89722-6_10"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSF.2018.00022"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3264591"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00024"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"778","article-title":"sFuzz: An efficient adaptive fuzzer for solidity smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. ICSE.","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3395363.3404366"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"SRI Lab. \u201cSecurify v2.0.\u201d","author":"Z"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QRS-C55045.2021.00099"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/32\/10320136\/10261219.pdf?arnumber=10261219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T19:55:54Z","timestamp":1730145354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10261219\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tse.2023.3317209","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3520","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2326-3881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}}}