{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T19:05:24Z","timestamp":1766084724428,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006785","name":"Google","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Google Faculty Research Award program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Google Faculty Research Award program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IIEEE Trans. Software Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tse.2024.3437355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T17:41:27Z","timestamp":1722879687000},"page":"2498-2511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Controlled Experiment in Age and Gender Bias When Reading Technical Articles in Software Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4429-2884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anda","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3921-9416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emerson","family":"Murphy-Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Sunnyvale, CA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6749-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Westley","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2730-5077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2568225.2568315"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2015.74"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2597073.2597113"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2468356.2468382"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253010"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2013.6624011"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.110454"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2017.31"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313583"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2018.2877759"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409681"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-SEIS.2019.00014"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.111"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SocialInformatics.2012.81"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-Companion.2019.00091"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1120.1674"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2597073.2597129"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info10100309"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1734103.1734111"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240210"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1216262.1216282"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3474097"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-021-09992-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","first-page":"p. 19","article-title":"Combating the inevitable aging of software developers","volume":"27","author":"Ball","year":"2014","journal-title":"CrossTalk"},{"year":"2023","key":"ref25","article-title":"Software engineer demographics and statistics in the US"},{"article-title":"Medium. com as a contender in the participatory web","year":"2015","author":"Masumian","key":"ref26"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR52588.2021.00053"},{"article-title":"7 Amazing Medium Platform Statistics","year":"2019","author":"Botticello","key":"ref28"},{"article-title":"Medium Platform Statistics 2022: Users, Valuation & Readership Data Of Medium.Com","year":"2022","author":"Campbell","key":"ref29"},{"article-title":"23 Active Software Engineering Publications on Medium","year":"2021","author":"Chugh","key":"ref30"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1840\/1\/012029"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3209626.3209707"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WAINA.2014.108"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SocialCom.2013.35"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC.2015.19"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.09.015"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-019-09685-x"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.10.009"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3434279"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-018-9634-5"},{"article-title":"JavaScript deep concepts you should know.\u201d JavaScript in Plain English","year":"2022","author":"Farhadi","key":"ref41"},{"article-title":"How to use pandas to get your data in the format you need.\u201d Towards Data Science","year":"2022","author":"Ali","key":"ref42"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"9 projects you can do to become a front-end master in 2023","volume-title":"Level Up Coding","author":"Holdorf","year":"2022"},{"article-title":"Getting started with GitHub API.\u201d Level Up Coding","year":"2020","author":"Kalsi","key":"ref44"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GE.2019.00008"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/3195570.3195579","article-title":"Towards gender equality in software engineering: The NSA approach","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/ACM 1st Int. Workshop Gender Equality Softw. Eng. (GE)","author":"Ribaupierre","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/3195570.3195581","article-title":"Gender equality in software engineering","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Int. Workshop Gender Equality Softw. Eng.","author":"Reeves","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","first-page":"69","article-title":"Improving the learning environment in beginning programming classes: An experiment in gender equity","volume":"14","author":"Crews","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Inf. Syst. Educ."},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Bridging the gap: Gender equity in science, engineering and technology","volume":"21","author":"Gatta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rutgers Univ., Center Women Work"},{"article-title":"Gender bias in remote pair programming among software engineering students: The twincode exploratory study","year":"2021","author":"Toro","key":"ref50"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100030118"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00079"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243207309900"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riob.2012.11.003"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.89.3.416"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2022.102773"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000889"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3264838"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-03228-6"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE48619.2023.00103"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20672"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769909907600213"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v5i1.14091"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14648849211012176"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-018-2667-0"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14648849211063312"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.23252"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"The complicated reality of gender bias in writing and publishing","volume-title":"Writers Edit","author":"Macauley-Gierhart","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257903"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.36399"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1996.tb02323.x"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwv046"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510458.3513016"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000003"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00131911003637006"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcps.2014.06.003"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532799xssr1004_1"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.1.351"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/icibet.2013.112"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0164-1212(99)00094-1"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jhcitp.2010091103"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025945"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2014.05.044"},{"article-title":"Investigating the applicability of information foraging theory to mobile web browsing","year":"2005","author":"Lambros","key":"ref84"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLHCC.2007.25"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.31.2.131"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(87)90018-7"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.11.029"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00057"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2019-0412"},{"year":"2023","key":"ref91","article-title":"Popular baby names"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref92","first-page":"127","article-title":"Speeding in web surveys: The tendency to answer very fast and its association with straightlining","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surv. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055418000837"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Qualtrics XM"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2768368"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2022.3220740"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2019.2900308"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2019.2937083"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7139.1236"},{"article-title":"A generalized Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for multivariate hypothesis testing","year":"2016","author":"Alishahi","key":"ref100"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw029"},{"article-title":"lme4: Mixed-effects modeling with R","year":"2010","author":"Bates","key":"ref102"},{"volume-title":"Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions","year":"1991","author":"Aiken","key":"ref103"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3073773"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"2535","article-title":"Contrasting similarities and differences between academia and industry: evaluating processes used for product development","volume-title":"Proc. DRS Conf. Proc.","author":"Kotlarewski","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2003.09.011"},{"key":"ref107","first-page":"p. 1230","article-title":"Recruiting older adult participants through crowdsourcing platforms: Mechanical Turk versus prolific academic","volume-title":"Proc. AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc.","volume":"vol","author":"Turner","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357127"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa096"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000235"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.110611"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3775075","article-title":"Reply to MTurk, prolific or panels? Choosing the right audience for online research","author":"Litman","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279720"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"1","article-title":"Data quality of platforms and panels for online behavioral research","volume":"54","author":"Eyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.02.027"},{"year":"2023","key":"ref116","article-title":"Re:Work"},{"year":"2023","key":"ref117","article-title":"Beyond Microsoft"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ITP-07-2015-0186"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167220950070"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091415016648708"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/workar\/waz016"},{"key":"ref122","article-title":"Demographics of mechanical turk","author":"Ipeirotis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Sci. Res. Netw."}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/32\/10721226\/10623245.pdf?arnumber=10623245","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T17:29:31Z","timestamp":1729272571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10623245\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tse.2024.3437355","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0098-5589"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1939-3520"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2326-3881"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}}}