{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T20:03:41Z","timestamp":1784750621640,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62102043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62102043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IIEEE Trans. Software Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tse.2026.3659630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T21:03:01Z","timestamp":1769806981000},"page":"2204-2218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CosFormer: A Code Semantic-Aware Transformer for Vulnerability Detection"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7542-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianyue","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5644-9416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4680-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuping","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4963-8422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongcheng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PingAn Technology","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6877-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongliang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Browse vulnerabilities by date","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Driller: Augmenting fuzzing through selective symbolic execution","volume-title":"Proc. Netw. Distrib. Syst. Secur. Symp.","author":"Stephens","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3208952"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1455770.1455778"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1629575.1629604"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134020"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2786805.2786812"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3611643.3616351"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"CodeXGLUE: A machine learning benchmark dataset for code understanding and generation","author":"Lu","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510219"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tdsc.2019.2942930"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"590","article-title":"Modeling and discovering vulnerabilities with code property graphs,\u201d in","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Symp. Secur. Privacy (SP)","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2014"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3087402","article-title":"Deep learning based vulnerability detection: Are we there yet?","volume":"48","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468597"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-020-0142-x"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Global relational models of source code","volume-title":"Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Hellendoorn","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"On the bottleneck of graph neural networks and its practical implications","volume-title":"Proc. 9th Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Alon","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"2275","article-title":"Vulnerability detection with graph simplification and enhanced graph representation learning","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/ACM 45th Int. Conf. Softw. Eng. (ICSE)","author":"Wen","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3639125"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1810.04805"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3524842.3528452"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.499"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"10197","article-title":"Devign: Effective vulnerability identification by learning comprehensive program semantics via graph neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. 33rd Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Zhou","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1536","article-title":"CodeBERT: A pre-trained model for programming and natural languages","volume-title":"Proc. Findings Assoc. Comput. Linguistics: EMNLP","author":"Feng","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Dataflow analysis-inspired deep learning for efficient vulnerability detection","author":"Steenhoek","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3623345"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"GPT-3.5-turbo","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"GPT-4","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3065386"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-09989-9"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2018.00120"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Gated graph sequence neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. (ICLR)","author":"Li","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2020.119014","article-title":"Interface engineering for enhancing electrocatalytic oxygen evolution of NiFe LDH\/NiTe heterostructures","volume":"273","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Joern: A static analysis platform for bug detection","volume-title":"Proc. ACM SIGSAC Conf. Computer Commun. Secur. ACM","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Train short, test long: Attention with linear biases enables input length extrapolation,\u201d","author":"Press","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3454287.3455008"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"FitLog: A logging and visualization tool for deep learning projects,\u201d","author":"Jiang","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379597.3387501"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"A comprehensive study of the capabilities of large language models for vulnerability detection,\u201d","author":"Steenhoek","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN55064.2022.9892280","article-title":"VulBERTa: Simplified source code pre-training for vulnerability detection","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Netw. (IJCNN)","author":"Hanif","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"144","article-title":"An unbiased transformer source code learning with semantic vulnerability graph","author":"Islam","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3611643.3616358"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3639170"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Qwen2. 5-coder technical report","author":"Hui","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2024.112031","article-title":"GRACE: Empowering LLM-based software vulnerability detection with graph structure and in-context learning","volume":"212","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-020-00592-x"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46215.2023.10179296"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-024-00979-w"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3656443"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102368","article-title":"FUZZOLIC: Mixing fuzzing and concolic execution","volume":"108","author":"Borzacchiello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers & Secur."},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"2237","article-title":"An empirical study of deep learning models for vulnerability detection","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE\/ACM 45th Int. Conf. Softw. Eng. (ICSE)","author":"Steenhoek","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"274","article-title":"CPGBERT: An effective model for defect detection by learning program semantics via code property graph","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Trust, Secur. Privacy Comput. Commun. (TrustCom)","author":"Liu","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/32\/11613940\/11369426.pdf?arnumber=11369426","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:08:57Z","timestamp":1784747337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11369426\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tse.2026.3659630","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3520","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2326-3881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}