{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:46:25Z","timestamp":1776750385661,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation, Singapore, and the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore through the National Cybersecurity R&D Programme","award":["NCR25-DeSCEmT-SMU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCR25-DeSCEmT-SMU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IIEEE Trans. Software Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tse.2026.3668858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T20:55:13Z","timestamp":1772484913000},"page":"1549-1567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards Secure Program Partitioning for Smart Contracts With LLM\u2019s In-Context Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6709-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6794-4970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuqing","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9256-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6859-6005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruidong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0044-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4562-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9412-9961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4367-7201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Management University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Solidity","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","volume":"151","author":"Wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Binance Smart Chain (BSC)","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Solana: Web3 infrastructure for everyone","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Vulnerability: Integer overflow and underflow","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Vulnerability: Reentrancy","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Vulnerability: Front-running attacks","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Bad randomness in solidity smart contracts"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"What are price oracle manipulation attacks in DeFi?"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Decoding Jimbo\u2019s protocol exploit"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978309"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Sofware Reliability Lab","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1145\/3194113.3194115","article-title":"SmartCheck: Static analysis of Ethereum smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. 1st Int. Workshop Emerg. Trends Softw. Eng. Blockchain","author":"Tikhomirov","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3385412.3385990"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Precise attack synthesis for smart contracts","author":"Feng","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3639117"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238177"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380334","article-title":"sFuzz: An efficient adaptive fuzzer for solidity smart contracts","volume-title":"Proc. ACM\/IEEE 42nd Int. Conf. Softw. Eng.","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Trail of bits"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3650212.3652137"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2023.3346888"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597926.3598124"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Symbolic execution tool for smart contracts"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"A security analysis tool for EVM bytecode"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2025.241357"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Securing Web3 with decentralized intelligence"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSF.2018.00022"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.3571045"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23413"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3385412.3385982"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3660786"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3402450"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3611643.3616341"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00057"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3641846"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2025.3590108"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3551349.3559560"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER48275.2020.9054825"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2021.3123170"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2019.00023"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"CCF: A framework for building confidential verifiable replicated services","author":"Russinovich","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318464.3386127"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-59013-0_30"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-018-1839-y"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Phala network: A confidential smart contract network based on Polkadot","author":"Yin","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2016.55"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51280-4_23"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1975.9939"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Secret network: Putting privacy first with decentralized confidential computing","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"57","article-title":"PrivTrans: Automatically partitioning programs for privilege separation","volume-title":"Proc. 13th USENIX Secur. Symp. (USENIX Security 04)","author":"Brumley","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1323293.1294265"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3354218"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"285","article-title":"GlamDring: Automatic application partitioning for intel SGX","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Annu. Tech. Conf. (USENIX ATC)","author":"Lind","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP53844.2022.00016"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP57164.2023.00027"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3564625.3567995"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP54263.2024.00126"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"The liquidity and game theory of new self-marketmaking tokenomics models on Trader Joe v2.1"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566340.566343"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3133956.3134066"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2013.6693091"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSEC60848.2023.00025"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Compiler generated feedback for large language models","author":"Grubisic","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00066"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3540250.3558923"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78800-3_24"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"The solidity source analyzer"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Confidential EVM smart contracts using fully homomorphic encryption"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"COTI V2: Confidential computing Ethereum layer 2","author":"Nir","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref71","article-title":"fhEVM"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"COTI V2 confidentiality preserving L2: SDKs and examples"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"DeFi hacks reproduce\u2013Foundry"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JCS-2009-0352"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"EIP-20: A standard interface for tokens","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-54455-6_8"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Ganache: A tool for creating a local blockchain for fast Ethereum development"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WETSEB.2019.00008"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243780"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP46215.2023.10179435"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3558535.3559780"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813690"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"571","article-title":"Secured routines: Language-based construction of trusted execution environments","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Annu. Tech. Conf. (USENIX ATC)","author":"Ghosn","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2541940.2541949"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2884781.2884817"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2810103.2813611"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2016.23218"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"505","article-title":"Civet: An efficient Java partitioning framework for hardware enclaves","volume-title":"Proc. 29th USENIX Secur. Symp. (USENIX Secur.)","author":"Tsai","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECPRI.2003.1199340"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3052973.3052983"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/32\/11488173\/11417948.pdf?arnumber=11417948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:17:58Z","timestamp":1776748678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11417948\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tse.2026.3668858","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3520","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2326-3881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}