{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T20:39:08Z","timestamp":1777322348012,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62272072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Key Project of PCL","award":["PCL2021A06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCL2021A06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IIEEE Trans. Software Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tse.2026.3674478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T20:23:54Z","timestamp":1773779034000},"page":"1592-1616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unleashing the Potential of Coverage Representation in Deep Learning-Based Fault\u00a0Localization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Big Data &#x0026; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4504-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Big Data &#x0026; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5265-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Big Data &#x0026; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2050-7674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Big Data &#x0026; Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2024.3368208"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3505243"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00034"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-023-10346-3"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3639182"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2024.3359969"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"71","article-title":"Visualization for fault localization","volume-title":"Proc. ICSE Workshop Softw. Visualization","author":"Jones","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-014-9304-1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAIC.PART.2007.13"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1820454"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER.2019.8668002"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2020.106486"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2024.3454605"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3660793"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2009.25"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.06.035"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SERE.2012.12"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3468264.3468580"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293882.3330574"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2022.3165195"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3092703.3092731"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPC58990.2023.00045"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510136"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2023.107148"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2024.107409"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112359"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"A survey on universal approximation theorems","author":"Augustine","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-021-00302-5"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01042"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"SDXL: Improving latent diffusion models for high-resolution image synthesis","author":"Podell","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.12.123"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121660"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2022.2102503"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/72.963772"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02532-7"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2015.7280626"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.107677"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref40","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Representation visualization of convolutional neural networks: A survey","volume":"48","author":"Nianwen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Automatica Sinica"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research progress in the interpretability of deep learning models","volume":"5","author":"Hua","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cyber Secur."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00928-1_55"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"315","article-title":"Deep sparse rectifier neural networks","volume-title":"Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Statist. JMLR Workshop Conf.","author":"Glorot","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"21","article-title":"A theoretical framework for back-propagation","volume-title":"Proc. Connectionist Models Summer School","volume":"1","author":"LeCun","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(88)90469-8"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref48","first-page":"64","article-title":"Recurrent neural networks","volume":"5","author":"Medsker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Des. Appl."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.650093"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24797-2_4"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585893"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00290"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3117837"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"527","article-title":"Adaptive neural networks for efficient inference","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Bolukbasi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2882903.2912574"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2024.3446959"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2934565"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2022.3153997"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01261"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2016.2521368"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2001420.2001445"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2931037.2931051"},{"issue":"34","key":"ref63","first-page":"226","article-title":"A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise","volume-title":"Proc. KDD","volume":"96","author":"Ester","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3068335"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Auto-encoding variational bayes","author":"Kingma","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"6840","article-title":"Denoising diffusion probabilistic models","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Ho","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Conditional $\\beta$\u03b2-VAE for De Novo molecular generation","author":"Richards","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-2515"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3422622"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Automatic choice of dimensionality for PCA","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"13","author":"Minka","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.822821"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00196"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2023.110473"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(87)90114-1"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1953048.2078195"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"802","article-title":"Convolutional LSTM network: A machine learning approach for precipitation nowcasting","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"28","author":"Shi","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"MS-RNN: A flexible multi-scale framework for spatiotemporal predictive learning","author":"Ma","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2022.3198222"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2950290.2983967"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2610384.2628055"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2015.2454513"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-005-3861-2"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE43902.2021.00067"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2023.111900"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2025.3574487"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2008.4633969"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSME.2014.41"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST.2014.28"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.1509"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3092703.3092717"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2023.3279125"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3576043"},{"key":"ref95","article-title":"Spectrum-based software fault localization: A survey of techniques, advances, and challenges","author":"de Souza","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2004.1317420"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2522920.2522924"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-47572004000100014"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09845-4"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC61105.2024.00168"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2024.107660"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2024.112281"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119880929.ch3"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-020-09931-7"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICST57152.2023.00061"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.11.1109"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10515-023-00383-z"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2008.2005605"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.2978386"},{"key":"ref110","article-title":"AgentFL: Scaling LLM-based fault localization to project-level context","author":"Qin","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3597503.3623342"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1706.03762"},{"key":"ref113","article-title":"Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces","author":"Gu","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/32\/11488173\/11437539.pdf?arnumber=11437539","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:49:20Z","timestamp":1777319360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11437539\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tse.2026.3674478","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-5589","1939-3520","2326-3881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-3520","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2326-3881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}