{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T17:52:38Z","timestamp":1781373158320,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2013.2295514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T18:07:34Z","timestamp":1400609254000},"page":"1905-1919","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2734,"title":["Trends in Microgrid Control"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Olivares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mehrizi-Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir H.","family":"Etemadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio A.","family":"Canizares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Iravani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Kazerani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir H.","family":"Hajimiragha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriol","family":"Gomis-Bellmunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Saeedifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Palma-Behnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo A.","family":"Jimenez-Estevez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos D.","family":"Hatziargyriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPE.2009.932876"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2009","journal-title":"?NETL Modern Grid Strategy?Powering Our 21st-Century Economy A Compendium of Smart Grid Technologies ? White Paper"},{"key":"ref33","author":"katiraei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dynamic Analysis and Control of Distributed Energy Resources in A Micro-grid"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2006.873018"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2007.900546"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/28.968200"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2011.0136"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.03.019"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SYSOSE.2007.4304255"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2012.2210445"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2008.918474"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2007.894721"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/41.192662"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2004.835051"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2007.911774"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2007.914200"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PTC.2003.1304617"},{"key":"ref26","author":"karimi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Islanding Detection and Control of an Islanded Electronically-Coupled Distributed Generation Unit"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2010.5588053"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2011.06.007"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESW.2002.985008"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2010.2066534"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2011.2136362"},{"key":"ref59","author":"brunner","year":"2006","journal-title":"?Status Update on IEC 61850?Current Activities of IEC TC57 WG10 ? Tech Rep"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/59.801882"},{"key":"ref57","author":"firestone","year":"0"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/28.195899"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2007.915950","article-title":"A control strategy for a distributed generation unit in grid-connected and autonomous modes of operation","volume":"23","author":"gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Del"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2006.881997"},{"key":"ref53","year":"2009","journal-title":"?Advanced Architectures and Control Concepts for more Microgrids Definition of Ancillary Services and Short-Term Energy Markets ? Deliverable DD4 MORE MICROGRIDS"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2010.2045773"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.975900"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ontario Bill 150 Green Energy and Green Economy Act"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2010.2080250"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2006.08.016"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(01)01031-X"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESW.2001.917020"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/59.192920"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPAE.2007.376583"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESW.2002.985003"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPE.2009.932878"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2008.921128"},{"key":"ref48","author":"ili?","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hierarchical Power Systems Control Its Value in a Changing Industry (Advances in Industrial Control)"},{"key":"ref47","year":"2008","journal-title":"?Bottling Electricity Storage as a Strategic Tool for Managing Variability and Capacity Concerns in the Modern Grid ? White Paper"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470588475"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2008.4596436"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPE.2009.935555"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2007.892490"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSET.2010.5684943"},{"key":"ref126","first-page":"1","article-title":"A multi-agent system for distributed energy resources control in microgrid","author":"zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 5th Internat Conf on Critical Infrastructure (CRIS)"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2007.386042"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FPS.2005.204230"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2004.838638"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2004.833456"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2007.900456"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2012.2197425"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2006.879260"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2008.922232"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2006.1708993"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2009.2021040"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2010.2087393"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2009.2022828","article-title":"An accurate power control strategy for power-electronics-interfaced distributed generation units operating in a low-voltage multibus microgrid","volume":"24","author":"li","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Electron"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2006.882019"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2005.852060"},{"key":"ref61","year":"2007","journal-title":"?Master Controller Requirements Specification for Perfect Power Systems (as Outlined in the Galvin Electricity Initiative) ? White Paper"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT.2012.6175756"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2009.2012527"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2008.2005100"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2010.2044970"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2012.2199334"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2009.2031441"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2005.847277"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2012.2221129"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2010","journal-title":"R E P N for the 21st Century ?Renewables 2010 Global Status Report ? Tech Rep"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCON.2009.5396184"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPE.2008.918702"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2006.878245"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2010.2048720"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEP.2007.384193"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2006.890003"},{"key":"ref106","article-title":"Bella Coola microgrid generation optimization with a hydro-electric unit operating in isochronous mode","author":"zadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc CIGRE"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2010.2042081"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638875"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2010.2068313"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAE.2009.5534847"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2004.836634"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etep.472"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PSCE.2009.4840070"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2006.888766"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEDG.2010.5545768"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2008.10.010"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2007.4384897"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.2010.5637533"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2008.924173"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2009.2025864"},{"key":"ref10","author":"lasseter","year":"0"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEGE.2013.6707898"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2012.2231440"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2009.2016607"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2008.4596716"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rpg:20060023"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2012.2187222"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2010.2055904"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2008.2001910"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2012.2185072"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/09576509JPE556"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2011.2119497"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"22","article-title":"Active distribution networks: General features, present status of implementation and operation practices (update of WG C6.11 activities)","author":"d'adamo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electra"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2005.851634"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2011.2162924"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2007.911189"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2007.892621"},{"key":"ref114","author":"findeisen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nonlinear Model Predictive Control A Sampled-Data Feedback Perspective"},{"key":"ref113","first-page":"299","article-title":"Nonlinear model predictive control: From theory to application","volume":"35","author":"allgower","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Chin Inst Chem Engrs"},{"key":"ref116","year":"2009","journal-title":"Communication Networks and Systems for Power Utility Automation?Part 7?420 Basic Communication Structure-Distributed Energy Resources Logical Nodes"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2010.2091685"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2010.2066990"},{"key":"ref120","author":"russell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2004.836685"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAS.1970.292678"},{"key":"ref122","author":"grainger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Power System Analysis"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSET.2008.4746976"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2004.833451"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2010.2095046"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2010.2095044"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2009.2032049"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5165411\/6839066\/06818494.pdf?arnumber=6818494","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:55:50Z","timestamp":1642006550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/6818494\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tsg.2013.2295514","relation":{},"ISSN":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1949-3053","type":"print"},{"value":"1949-3061","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}}}