{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T05:46:21Z","timestamp":1771652781095,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFB0903000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0903000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010880","name":"State Grid Corporation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2019.2892841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T14:44:52Z","timestamp":1547477092000},"page":"5920-5929","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Estimation of Target Appliance Electricity Consumption Using Background Filtering"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gaochen","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"}]},{"given":"Wenpeng","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Power Distribution Department, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8639-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"The U.K.-DALE dataset, domestic appliance level electricity demand and whole-house demand from five U.K. homes","volume":"2","author":"kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Data Science Journal"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.58337"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/323533a0"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4216281"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Tensorflow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems","author":"abadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1603 04467"},{"key":"ref36","author":"chollet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Keras"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"kingma","year":"0"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"249","article-title":"Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks","volume":"9","author":"glorot","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APEC.2006.1620777"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"An unsupervised electrical appliance modeling framework for non-intrusive load monitoring","author":"liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE PESGM"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2014.11.047"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECS.2014.7049978"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.03.010"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSPA.2012.6310651"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2012.2185522"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"3590","article-title":"Signal aggregate constraints in additive factorial HMMs, with application to energy disaggregation","volume":"98","author":"zhong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"1472","article-title":"Approximate inference in additive factorial HMMs with application to energy disaggregation","author":"kolter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 14th Int Conf Artif Intell Statist (AISTATS)"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"2742","article-title":"Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring based on integer programming","author":"suzuki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc SICE Annu Conf"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2603479"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/aiie-16.2016.77"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Residential electricity use feedback: A research synthesis and economic framework","author":"neenan","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2821650.2821672"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.03.163"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/61.400897"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2015.7418157"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.192069"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en5114569"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/61.568225"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.03.038"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"271","article-title":"At the flick of a switch: Detecting and classifying unique electrical events on the residential power line","author":"patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc UbiComp"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"The effectiveness of feedback on energy consumption: A review for DEFRA of the literature on metering, billing and direct displays","author":"darby","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2015.2476777"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2013.2278596"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"629","article-title":"Energy disaggregation via learning ‘powerlets’ and sparse coding","author":"elhamifar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 29th AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2494592"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"1","article-title":"A fully unsupervised appliance modelling framework for NILM","author":"liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Nilm"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"356","article-title":"Non-intrusive load monitoring using prior models of general appliance types","author":"parson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 26th AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0816-y"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1097","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","author":"krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Neural Inf Process Syst"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5165411\/8877888\/08611227.pdf?arnumber=8611227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T05:53:34Z","timestamp":1769493214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8611227\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tsg.2019.2892841","relation":{},"ISSN":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1949-3053","type":"print"},{"value":"1949-3061","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}}}