{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:43:48Z","timestamp":1782405828426,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52277123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52277123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2025.3540416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T13:33:13Z","timestamp":1739194393000},"page":"2115-2126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sensitivity-Based Heterogeneous Ordered Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Distributed Volt-Var Control in Active Distribution Network"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3969-2991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid and the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4541-4082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shixuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid and the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3301-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid and the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianzhuo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid and the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7623-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuangsi","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid and the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7590-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Smart Grid and the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2006.878356"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2021.3060027"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.3041620"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2024.3423700"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2024.3417535"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/61.19266"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2014.2332712"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCNS.2014.2323634"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2022.3154718"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3264540"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"387","article-title":"Deterministic policy gradient algorithms","volume-title":"Proc. 31st Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Silver"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2022.3142961"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"22","article-title":"Constrained policy optimization","volume-title":"Proc. 34th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Achiam"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2019.2951769"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2023.109370"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.2977374"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3262921"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-09996-w"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multi-agent actor-critic for mixed cooperative-competitive environments","volume-title":"Proc. 31st Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Lowe"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Soft actor-critic: Off-policy maximum entropy deep reinforcement learning with a stochastic actor","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. (ICML)","author":"Haarnoja"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2021.3052998"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"A survey of learning in multiagent environments: Dealing with non-stationarity","author":"Hernandez-Leal","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1707.09183"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3265358"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1889","article-title":"Trust region policy optimization","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Schulman"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2021.3113085"},{"issue":"32","key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heterogeneous-agent reinforcement learning","volume":"25","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2021.3058996"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Trust region policy optimisation in multi-agent reinforcement learning","author":"Kuba","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2109.11251"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Proximal policy optimization algorithms","author":"Schulman","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv:1707.06347"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"High-dimensional continuous control using generalized advantage estimation","author":"Schulman","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv:1506.02438"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"OpenDSSDirect.py: A cross-platform python package that implements a native\/direct library interface to the alternative OpenDSS engine from DSS-extensions.","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"CuPy: A NumPy-compatible library for NVIDIA GPU calculations","volume-title":"Proc. 31st Annu. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst","author":"Okuta"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2017.2760011"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"4295","article-title":"QMIX}: Monotonic value function factorisation for deep multi-agent reinforcement learning","volume-title":"Proc. 35th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Rashid"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2016.7741972"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2009.2026617"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/5165411\/10974423\/10879343.pdf?arnumber=10879343","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:54:08Z","timestamp":1760032448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10879343\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tsg.2025.3540416","relation":{},"ISSN":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1949-3053","type":"print"},{"value":"1949-3061","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}