{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T21:03:04Z","timestamp":1776978184119,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2025.3641247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T18:40:59Z","timestamp":1765219259000},"page":"1985-2001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Bi-Level Distributed Framework for Hierarchical Coordination of Multiple Agents\u2019 Flexibility Under Uncertainty of Flexibility Requirements"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Pourghaderi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5507-9938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmud","family":"Fotuhi-Firuzabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8151-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milad","family":"Kabirifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8994-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shahidehpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7656-6807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moein","family":"Moeini-Aghtaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Flexible Ramping Product Performance","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ramp capability product cost benefit analysis","author":"Navid","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2015.2497081"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Business Practice Manual for Market Operations","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2828039"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2024.111341"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEST.2019.8849120"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2023.3296981"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109895"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70095-1"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121573"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.120893"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2018.2880123"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3069949"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2022.3153634"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2025.3542724"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2023.3330683"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/rpg2.12624"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2023.3286178"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3209132"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2015.2511140"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Flexible Ramping Product (FRP) Refinements-Deliverability","author":"Madrigal","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2015.2411268"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2018.2883753"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2017.2741443"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2015.2483781"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2024.3446611"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2024.3509314"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2025.3550363"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Dynamic Noncooperative Game Theory","author":"Ba\u015far","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2012.2223766"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2014.2387340"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.124617"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/61.19266"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2019.2897869"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.3037556"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3225575"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01580858"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orl.2013.05.003"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3151355"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPER.1989.4310918"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/5165411\/11493583\/11282465.pdf?arnumber=11282465","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T19:59:43Z","timestamp":1776974383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11282465\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tsg.2025.3641247","relation":{},"ISSN":["1949-3053","1949-3061"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1949-3053","type":"print"},{"value":"1949-3061","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}}}