{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:57:15Z","timestamp":1780610235720,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research & Development","award":["2022YFB4501703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB4501703"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62232012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62232012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Key Project of PCL","award":["PCL2024A06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCL2024A06"]}]},{"name":"Major Key Project of PCL","award":["PCL2022A05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCL2022A05"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["RCJC20231211085918010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCJC20231211085918010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Sustain. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tsusc.2025.3542563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T13:40:47Z","timestamp":1739799647000},"page":"804-819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Working Smarter Not Harder: Hybrid Cooling for Deep Learning in Edge Datacenters"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8870-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiangyu","family":"Pei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haichuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7181-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6574-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan Inspur Data Company Ltd., Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6255-1055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingheng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan Inspur Data Company Ltd., Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0782-0450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8570-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Gaining an intelligent edge: Edge computing and intelligence could propel tech and telecom growth","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"SoC-cluster as an edge server: An application-driven measurement study","author":"Zhang","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3472727.3472807"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3492321.3519576"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"ChatGPT","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Liquid cooling vs air cooling in data centers","author":"Bittner","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"State of the edge 2021","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Digital economy and climate impact","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"High-performance computing data center power usage effectiveness","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Which regions have the most energy efficient data centers?","author":"Lawrence","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Efficiency","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"474","article-title":"Fine-grained warm water cooling for improving datacenter economy","volume-title":"Proc. 46th Int. Symp. Comput. Archit.","author":"Jiang"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Introduction to automotive augmented reality head-up displays using TI DLP technology","author":"Firth","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3487552.3487815"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3458817.3476142"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"YOLOv3: An incremental improvement","author":"Redmon","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"613","article-title":"Clipper: A low-latency online prediction serving system","volume-title":"Proc. 14th USENIX Symp. Netw. Syst. Des. Implementation","author":"Crankshaw"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC41405.2020.00073"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503222.3507713"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Liquid cooling for data centers","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA52012.2021.00055"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3664925"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42162-023-00269-0"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.04.037"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"61","article-title":"Making scheduling\u201dcool\u201d: Temperature-aware workload placement in data centers","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Annu. Tech. Conf. Gen. Track","author":"Moore"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2012.6169035"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2670979.2670996"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCA.2018.00013"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2019.00070"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3396851.3402658"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2022.3158476"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2921977"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3620678.3624664"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS46320.2019.00042"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2014.12.308"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Modular & sustainable solutions","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Three-way ball valve flow patterns","author":"Williams","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1508244.1508269"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3194554.3194565"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2019.2947893"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3037697.3037698"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"397","article-title":"INFaaS: Automated model-less inference serving","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Annu. Tech. Conf.","author":"Romero"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Optimize TensorFlow performance using the profiler","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"265","article-title":"TensorFlow: A system for large-scale machine learning","volume-title":"Proc. 12th USENIX Symp. Operating Syst. Des. Implementation","author":"Abadi"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"443","article-title":"Serving DNNs like clockwork: Performance predictability from the bottom up","volume-title":"Proc. 14th USENIX Symp. Operating Syst. Des. Implementation","author":"Gujarati"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3542929.3563469"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341302.3342080"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3542929.3563475"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO50266.2020.00090"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10295"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref52","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Action elimination and stopping conditions for the multi-armed bandit and reinforcement learning problems","volume":"7","author":"Even-Dar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992699"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"945","article-title":"MLaaS in the wild: Workload analysis and scheduling in large-scale heterogeneous GPU clusters","volume-title":"Proc. 19th USENIX Symp. Netw. Syst. Des. Implementation","author":"Weng"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Carbon intensity of energy production\u2013GCB","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Electricity prices for non-household consumers - bi-annual data (from 2007 onwards)","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Price of the 3-way motorized control ball valve","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01442131"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2023.3292075"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3630614.3630623"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2019.00038"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MICRO.2016.7783759"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2008.4658632"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"253","article-title":"CoolAir: Temperature- and variation-aware management for free-cooled datacenters","volume-title":"Proc. 20th Int. Conf. Architectural Support Program. Lang. Operating Syst.","author":"Nguyen"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2806777.2806938"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSUSC.2021.3132927"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2254756.2254779"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSUSC.2017.2709980"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3396851.3402657"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3447993.3448625"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2018.00139"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3318216.3363312"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"371","article-title":"NeuOS: A latency-predictable multi-dimensional optimization framework for DNN-driven autonomous systems","volume-title":"Proc. USENIX Annu. Tech. Conf.","author":"Bateni"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342195.3387547"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2749469.2749472"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3267809.3267828"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2022.3195664"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2020.2987567"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3466752.3480129"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/7274860\/11121336\/10891211.pdf?arnumber=10891211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T17:45:11Z","timestamp":1754934311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10891211\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tsusc.2025.3542563","relation":{},"ISSN":["2377-3782","2377-3790"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2377-3782","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2377-3790","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}}}