{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:23:30Z","timestamp":1780586610680,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2019.2934619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T19:35:07Z","timestamp":1566502507000},"page":"1-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":250,"title":["The What-If Tool: Interactive Probing of Machine Learning Models"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Wexler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahima","family":"Pushkarna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolga","family":"Bolukbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wattenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Viegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimbo","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3063289"},{"key":"ref32","author":"torralba","year":"0","journal-title":"Drawnet"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518895"},{"key":"ref30","author":"sundararajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networks"},{"key":"ref36","author":"zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pivot viewer based visualization of information analysis"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"iforest: Interpreting random forests via visual analytics","volume":"pp","author":"zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2864499"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429500480-5"},{"key":"ref11","author":"doshi-velez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Towards a rigorous science of interpretable machine learning"},{"key":"ref12","author":"dua","year":"2017","journal-title":"UCI Machine Learning Repository"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"3315","article-title":"Equality of opportunity in supervised learning","author":"hardt","year":"0","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref14","author":"hohman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gamut A design probe to understand how data scientists understand machine learning models"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Visual analytics in deep learning: An interrogative survey for the next frontiers","author":"hohman","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG)"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"2673","article-title":"Interpretability beyond feature attribution: Quantitative testing with concept activation vectors (tcav)","author":"kim","year":"0","journal-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VAST.2017.8585720"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858529"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1519023","article-title":"Why and why not explanations improve the intelligibility of context-aware intelligent systems","author":"lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI '09"},{"key":"ref28","author":"smilkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"SmoothGrad Removing noise by adding noise"},{"key":"ref4","year":"0","journal-title":"TENSOR"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"key":"ref3","year":"0","journal-title":"Tableau"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702509"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Visual analysis of hidden state dynamics in recurrent neural networks","author":"strobelt","year":"2016","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref5","author":"abadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"TensorFlow Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Systems"},{"key":"ref8","author":"bellamy","year":"2018","journal-title":"AI Fairness 360 An extensible toolkit for detecting understanding and mitigating unwanted algorithmic bias"},{"key":"ref7","author":"angwin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Machine bias Theres software used across the country to predict future criminals and its biased against blacks"},{"key":"ref2","year":"0","journal-title":"Facet"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"77","article-title":"Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification","author":"buolamwini","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 1st Conf Fairness Accountability Transparency"},{"key":"ref1","year":"0","journal-title":"Bpd field interrogation and observation dataset"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2598831"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Tfx: A tensorflow-based production-scale machine learning platform","author":"modi","year":"0","journal-title":"KDD2017"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Rulematrix: Visualizing and understanding classifiers with rules","author":"ming","year":"2018","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357160"},{"key":"ref23","author":"ngan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Face recognition vendor test (FRVT) performance of automated gender classification algorithms"},{"key":"ref26","year":"0","journal-title":"Audit ai"},{"key":"ref25","author":"pearl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems Networks of Plausible Inference"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/2945\/4359476\/08807255.pdf?arnumber=8807255","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T20:02:40Z","timestamp":1639771360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8807255\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":36,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvcg.2019.2934619","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-2626","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0506","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2160-9306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}