{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:53:30Z","timestamp":1776117210544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62202105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology","award":["2018SHZDZX01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018SHZDZX01"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology","award":["2021SHZDZX0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SHZDZX0103"]}]},{"name":"General Program","award":["21ZR1403300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21ZR1403300"]}]},{"name":"Sailing Program","award":["21YF1402900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21YF1402900"]}]},{"name":"ZJLab"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2023.3243676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T18:34:14Z","timestamp":1677609254000},"page":"3779-3797","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Visual Explanation for Open-Domain Question Answering With BERT"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2014-5293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zekai","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"given":"Shuran","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1573-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7357-2913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3789-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cagatay","family":"Turkay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2690-3588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"TensorFlow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems","author":"Abadi","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.385"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-016-0966-6"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2021.09.002"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Learning to retrieve reasoning paths over wikipedia graph for question answering","author":"Asai","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130140"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Attviz: Online exploration of self-attention for transparent neural language modeling","author":"Blakrlj","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/ijaia.2021.12501"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3114836"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030342"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2018.042731661"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Hierarchical multiscale recurrent neural networks","author":"Chung","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4828"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VAST.2009.5333443"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Extraction of salient sentences from labelled documents","author":"Denil","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3028976"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1810.04805"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"How important is a neuron","author":"Dhamdhere","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/n19-1116"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Google: Our new search strategy is to compute answers","author":"Falconer","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3114807"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52933\/jdssv.v2i5.56"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.173"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"297","article-title":"Noise-contrastive estimation: A new estimation principle for unnormalized statistical models","volume-title":"Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Statist.","author":"Gutmann"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i14.17533"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.841119"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0070888"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3114777"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"3543","article-title":"Attention is not explanation","volume-title":"Proc. North Amer. Chapter Assoc. Comput. Linguistics","author":"Jain"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3114683"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2864500"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.550"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00405"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1340"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.574"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/d19-1445"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00276"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.eacl-demos.17"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019861"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.297"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1612"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.703"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-1082"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-demo.26"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2022.3184186"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2017.2744938"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2016.2598831"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-2007"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-emnlp.19"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"4768","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Lundberg"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.316"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"UMAP: Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction","author":"McInnes","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2010-343"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VAST.2017.8585721"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2864812"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1258"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030361"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Chatgpt: Optimizing language models for dialogue","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.eacl-main.9"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.466"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.261"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-acl.191"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.224"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Contrastive learning with hard negative samples","author":"Robinson","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-4004"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-long.519"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2010.79"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Ordered neurons: Integrating tree structures into recurrent neural networks","author":"Shen","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Computationally efficient measures of internal neuron importance","author":"Shrikumar","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2010.11.015"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2934629"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2865044"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1242"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/d18-1455"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-acl.361"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Axiomatic attribution for deep networks","author":"Sundararajan","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-demos.15"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357384.3358028"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"van der Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref80","article-title":"Attention is all you need","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-3007"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2864504"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2022.3201101"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.12053"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3114794"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.acl-demo.16"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.3030418"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1002"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/n19-4013"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.45"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.447"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-020-0191-7"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i16.17685"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Retrieving and reading: A comprehensive survey on open-domain question answering","author":"Zhu","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/2945\/10576039\/10056593.pdf?arnumber=10056593","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T05:33:45Z","timestamp":1719639225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10056593\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvcg.2023.3243676","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-2626","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0506","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2160-9306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}}}