{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:18:41Z","timestamp":1770743921461,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship","award":["DGE 2146752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE 2146752"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2025.3634632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:42:26Z","timestamp":1763750546000},"page":"769-779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Analysis of Text Functions in Information Visualization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7644-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chase","family":"Stokes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-8600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjana","family":"Arunkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4346-1603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marti A.","family":"Hearst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9251-5279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lace","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, USA"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3068337"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.2005.1532136"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/infvis.2004.10"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1187\/cbe.17-08-0178"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3326919"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2022.3209448"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581218"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Semiology of graphics","author":"Bertin","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2015.2467732"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2013.234"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.124"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Techniques for data visualization on both mobile & desktop","author":"Bremer","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BELIV51497.2020.00010"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47024-5_14"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"579","article-title":"Using vision to think","author":"Card","year":"1999","journal-title":"Readings in information visualization: using vision to think"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2024.3456320"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Tottering towers","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Mega phone","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025171.3025227"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15291006211051956"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"Various coefficients of interrater reliability and agreement (r package version 0.84.1) [computer software]","author":"Gamer","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0893-5_6"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"How today\u2019s visa restrictions might impact tomorrow\u2019s america","author":"Granados","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3641916"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428104263675"},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Spain unveils new set of overhauls","author":"House","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X04266540"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Coal, gas, nuclear, hydro?","volume-title":"how your state generates power","author":"Hurt","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3403\/30324492"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.277"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376467"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445443"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025592"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Lost in translation: Gop struggles with hispanics","author":"King","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119055259"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3174012"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300576"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3327385"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1168149.1168168"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2022.3209500"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.1994.10673439"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3290241"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2021.3114770"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3172944.3173007"},{"key":"ref45","volume-title":"Student-loan defaults mount again","author":"Mitchell","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","first-page":"431","article-title":"Describing complex charts in natural language: A caption generation system","volume":"24","author":"Mittal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102154"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"Delays imperil mining riches afghans need after pullout","author":"Nissenbaum","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"121","article-title":"The curious case of combining text and visualization","author":"Ottley","year":"2019","journal-title":"EuroVis (Short Papers)"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Evaluating bloom\u2019s taxonomy-based learning modules for parallel coordinates literacy","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eurographics"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3456359"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/pacificvis.2017.8031599"},{"key":"ref54","volume-title":"psych: Procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research (r package version 2.412)[computer software]","author":"Revelle","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2864903"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2010.179"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-155860915-0\/50046-9"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2024.3490259"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2023.3338451"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Why more text is (often) better: Themes from reader preferences for integration of charts and text","volume-title":"NL VIZ: Workshop on Exploring Opportunities and Challenges for Natural Language Techniques to Support Visual Analysis","author":"Stokes","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.15100"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2022.3209383"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3456601"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VIS54172.2023.00055"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Tableau Summary Card","volume-title":"Tableau Software help","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10694-000"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2024.3368621"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/infvis.2004.59"},{"key":"ref69","volume-title":"The visual display of quantitative information","author":"Tufte","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref70","volume-title":"The search for dark matter is dramatically expanding","author":"Velasco","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref71","volume-title":"Visualizing the biggest tech mergers and acquisitions of 2020","author":"Wallach","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref72","volume-title":"Information visualization: perception for design","author":"Ware","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Power sources in each state","author":"Yau","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref74","volume-title":"Gallery of uncertainty visualization methods","author":"Yau","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/4c9bj","article-title":"How do captions affect visualization reading?","volume-title":"Workshop on Visualization for Communication (VisComm)","author":"Zhu","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/2945\/11373125\/11264357.pdf?arnumber=11264357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:33:12Z","timestamp":1770683592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11264357\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvcg.2025.3634632","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-2626","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0506","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2160-9306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}