{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T17:14:14Z","timestamp":1774631654707,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF","award":["CNS-1247941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1247941"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["CNS-1247914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1247914"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2019.2892867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T19:49:18Z","timestamp":1547495358000},"page":"2427-2442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Shades of White: Impacts of Population Dynamics and TV Viewership on Available TV Spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0346-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet C.","family":"Vuran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5486-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demet","family":"Batur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6227-8951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eylem","family":"Ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","article-title":"U.S. and world population clock","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Census 2010 data","year":"0"},{"key":"ref71","author":"springer","year":"1979","journal-title":"The Algebra of Random Variables"},{"key":"ref70","article-title":"Normal difference distribution","author":"weisstein","year":"0"},{"key":"ref76","year":"2017","journal-title":"Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of short-range outdoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz"},{"key":"ref77","year":"2011","journal-title":"FM and TV Propagation Curves"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1644893.1644945"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3021499"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"Universal software radio peripheral (USRP)","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Technical report: Supplemental simulation and experimental results for Cog-TV","author":"zhao","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"Propagation in suburban areas at distances less than ten miles","author":"daniel","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.130819"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100611-5.00005-9"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2015.7218431"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3059149"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16886-9_17","article-title":"A survey of TV white space measurements","author":"brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2015.7127756"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2746285.2746313"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2014.7036930"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524586"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2002259.2002301"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"U.S. homes add even more TV sets in 2010","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00107510500052444"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DySPAN.2017.7920765"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2008.4562457"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2010.2051494"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2011.5936195"},{"key":"ref65","year":"2016","journal-title":"Measuring Broadband America Fixed Broadband Report-2016"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729545"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2011.128","article-title":"Mining spectrum usage data: A large-scale spectrum measurement study","volume":"11","author":"yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mobile Comput"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"Longley-Rice methodology for evaluating TV coverage and interference","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"47 CFR 73.610&#x2014;Minimum distance separations between stations","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Interference limits policy the use of harm claim thresholds to improve the interference tolerance of wireless systems","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Second Memorandum Opinion and Order"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.05.001"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1412196.1412198"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2012.6478112"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2010","journal-title":"Connecting America The National Broadband Plan"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Google spectrum database: TV stations in the U.S.","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2011.203"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1234388.1234389"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2015.2498607"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2005.863709"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028788.1028795"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1555349.1555381"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1452520.1452529"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"This weeks broadcast ratings","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Weekly viewing data","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"Nielsen local TV view: Glossary","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2012.10.006"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.052213.00000"},{"key":"ref52","author":"walrand","year":"1988","journal-title":"An Introduction to Queueing Networks"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"The total audience report: Q4, 2016","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Advertising and audiences: The state of the media","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Modeling aggregate interference with heterogeneous secondary users and passive primary users for dynamic admission and power control in TV spectrum","author":"zhao","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Int Balkan Conf Commun Netw"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"HUT PUT national prime trends","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref13","author":"beville","year":"1985","journal-title":"Audience Ratings Radio Television and Cable"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2011.2179344"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2015","journal-title":"Statement Implementing TV White Spaces"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2012.120401"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2013.2295255"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2013.11.009"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Maximizing available spectrum for cognitive radios","author":"mishra","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2015.2505417"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2017","journal-title":"Authorizing Permissive Use of the &#x201C;Next Generation&#x201D; Broadcast Television Standard"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2639108.2639144"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2010.5457914"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2012","journal-title":"Third Memorandum Opinion and Order"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Population density statistics and OTA TV channel availability via Cog-TV in major United States cities","author":"zhao","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2014.2374159"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"The future of spectrum","author":"rosen","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2016.2592921"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2568194"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Broadcast Incentive Auction and Post-Auction Transition"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781405186407.wbiecn041"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.022714.130351"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.030512.00103"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2015.2499198"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4481339"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2015717"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2005.1542626"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"111","article-title":"Effect of secondary transmission on primary pilot carriers in overlay cognitive radios","author":"beyene","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Int Conf Cogn Radio Oriented Wireless Netw Commun"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/25\/8667487\/08611173.pdf?arnumber=8611173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T20:58:05Z","timestamp":1657745885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8611173\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvt.2019.2892867","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9545","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-9359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}}}