{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T03:03:56Z","timestamp":1781751836500,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002784","name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2019.2906487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T19:07:33Z","timestamp":1553108853000},"page":"4560-4572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["xEV Li-Ion Battery Low-Temperature Effects\u2014Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Vidal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9789-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3576-672X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip","family":"Kollmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0676-1455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Emadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"6778","article-title":"Modeling of human driver behavior via receding horizon and artificial neural network controllers","author":"wei","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 52nd IEEE Conf Decis Control"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OPTIM.2017.7975030"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2016.7793002"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"48\ufffdV traction: Innovative drive topology and battery","author":"baumgardt","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Power Electron Drives Energy Syst"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jct.2011.09.005"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of kalman filter-based state of charge estimation strategies for Li-Ion batteries","author":"wang","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Transp Elect Conf Expo"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2018.8450251"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISVLSI.2017.124"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2017.7993295"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-est.2015.0030","article-title":"State-of-charge and state-of-health estimation with state constraints and current sensor bias correction for electrified powertrain vehicle batteries","volume":"6","author":"ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"IET Elect Syst Transp"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2015.7165766"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2014.2331059"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEDES.2016.7914369"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2016.7791780"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.08.016"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2017.7993319"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.11.065"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2014.2303572"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.03.112"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2017.07.002"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.07.038"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.06.010"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.2015.7281657"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.12.032"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2017.12.012"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.02.038"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC.2017.7963575"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.08.034"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2504325"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2011.2151206","article-title":"A new battery\/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles","volume":"27","author":"cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Electron"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.04.057"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.05.054"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.10.089"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Temperature and precipitation graph for 1981 to 2010 canadian climate normals","author":"government","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.03.138"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.05.001"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.03.393"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2015.7352939"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2017.09.046"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16502"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4686(02)00620-5"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.05.153"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1198","article-title":"Experimental study on the effects of pre-heating a battery in a low-temperature environment","author":"song","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Veh Power Propulsion Conf"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2805189"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.11.146"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2544178"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Impact of driving cycle and climate on electrical consumption and range of fully electric passenger vehicles","author":"meyer","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 21st Int Battery Hybrid Fuel Cell Elect Veh Symp"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.10.059"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2611488"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2014.12.105"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2015.12.079"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2017.07.004"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"USABC goals for advanced batteries for EVs - CY 2020 commercialization","year":"0"},{"key":"ref74","article-title":"Tesla developing battery preheating feature to lessen cold-weather drain","author":"gustafson","year":"2017","journal-title":"AutoblogGreen"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.05.151"},{"key":"ref78","first-page":"481","article-title":"Power split control strategy for a series hybrid electric vehicle using fuzzy logic","author":"liu","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Autom Logistics"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2013.03.147"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.10.060"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2015.11.100"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.05.195"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2017.06.056"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.10.007"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2017.05.013"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2010.5729084"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2016.2571778"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2017.08.033"},{"key":"ref2","author":"emadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advanced Electric Drive Vehicles"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2016.7520303"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"International energy outlook 2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2016.02.005"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"Physics-based modeling of direct coupled hybrid energy storage modules in electrified vehicles","author":"gu","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.10.318"},{"key":"ref92","article-title":"At $100\/kWh it is &#x2018;all over&#x2019; for the internal combustion engine &#x2013; energy expert","author":"cole","year":"2013","journal-title":"on Inside EVs"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10091314"},{"key":"ref90","article-title":"The cost components of a Lithium Ion battery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qnovo"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2015.7392603"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vehicle electrification: Is the path to mass market open?","author":"menahem","year":"0","journal-title":"In Proc Advanced Automotive Battery Conf"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2015.2437338"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2016.7520298"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2014.10.040"},{"key":"ref13","author":"levine","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Powerhouse Inside the Invention of a Battery to Save the World"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2443975"},{"key":"ref15","author":"emadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advanced Electric Drive Vehicles"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Battery performance characteristics","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electro"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"Tesla or GM: Who has the best battery thermal management?","author":"bower","year":"2015","journal-title":"on Inside EVs"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2015.2449776"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2017.7993253"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2016.2566583"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.047304jes"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.11.034"},{"key":"ref83","article-title":"Understanding battery capacity loss from a four year BMW electric trial veteran","author":"moloughney","year":"2013","journal-title":"on Inside EVs"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2016.09.117"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2015.07.073"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.05.033"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITEC.2017.7993269"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.034"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"1","article-title":"xEV industry trends of charging & battery systems battery packs of modern xEVs","author":"konecky","year":"0","journal-title":"In Proc Advanced Automotive Battery Conf"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/25\/8723653\/08671735.pdf?arnumber=8671735","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T20:46:51Z","timestamp":1657745211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8671735\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvt.2019.2906487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9545","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-9359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}}}