{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T17:30:18Z","timestamp":1778347818252,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2019.2940272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T19:14:56Z","timestamp":1568056496000},"page":"11778-11791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["RSSI-Based LoRa Localization Systems for Large-Scale Indoor and Outdoor Environments"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ka-Ho","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9754-0377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Chung","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wah-Ching","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","author":"kay","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing Estimation Theory"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCL.2012.12.120210"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Space-time processing for weak signal detection in non-Gaussian and nonuniform electromagnetic interference (EMI) fields","volume":"86","author":"middleton","year":"1986","journal-title":"NASA STI\/Recon Technical Report"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Optimum reception in non-Gaussian electromagnetic interference environments. Part 2: Optimum and suboptimum threshold signal detection in class A and B noise","volume":"84","author":"middleton","year":"1983","journal-title":"NASA STI\/Recon Technical Report"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.1984.304173"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.1983.304151"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118104750"},{"key":"ref36","author":"madsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Methods for Non-Linear Least Squares Problems"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Image and signal processing with non-Gaussian noise: EM-type algorithms and adaptive outlier pursuit","author":"yan","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref34","author":"middleton","year":"1986","journal-title":"A tutorial review of elements of weak signal detection in non-Gaussian EMI environments"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIT.2016.94"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"45","article-title":"Improving APS with anchor selection in anisotropic sensor networks","author":"tam","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Joint Int Conf Autonomic Auton Syst Int Conf Netw Serv"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2107926"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GIOTS.2017.8016251"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2016.7721743"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2017.2762960"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74225-0_37"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2018.8417853"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/data3020013"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7997195"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2018.2878704"},{"key":"ref28","author":"middleton","year":"1978","journal-title":"Statistical-Physical Models of Man-Made and Natural Radio Noise Part IV Determination of the First-Order Parameters of Class A and B Interference"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7953298"},{"key":"ref27","author":"middleton","year":"1978","journal-title":"Statistical-Physical Models of Man-Made and Natural Radio Noise Part III First Order Probability Models of the Instantaneous Amplitude of Class B Interference"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"134","article-title":"Improved localization algorithm based on RSSI in low power Bluetooth network","author":"shen","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Int Conf Cloud Comput Internet Things"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSN.2015.14"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.1977.303527"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THS.2017.7943504"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCES.2016.7822023"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"50","article-title":"ZigBee RF signal strength for indoor location sensing&#x2014;Experiments and results","author":"subaashini","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 15th Int Conf Adv Commun Technol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.collaboratecom.2012.250437"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSP.2016.7868566"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2016.7819321"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UPINLBS.2018.8559844"},{"key":"ref22","year":"2019","journal-title":"&#x201C;Thinxtra &#x201D;"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2017.12.005"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2011.5956252"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Practical measurements of wi-fi direct in content sharing, social gaming android applications","author":"schoonwinkel","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"226","article-title":"A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise","volume":"96","author":"ester","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int'l Conf Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining"},{"key":"ref23","year":"2019","journal-title":"&#x201C;Google &#x201D;"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN.2018.8533695"},{"key":"ref26","author":"middleton","year":"1976","journal-title":"Statistical-Physical Models of Man-Made and Natural Radio Noise Part II First Order Probability Models of the Envelope and Phase"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729885"},{"key":"ref25","author":"middleton","year":"1974","journal-title":"Statistical-Physical Models of Man-Made and Natural Radio Noise"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/25\/8935346\/08827665.pdf?arnumber=8827665","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T21:08:32Z","timestamp":1657746512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8827665\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvt.2019.2940272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9545","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-9359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}}}