{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T23:37:33Z","timestamp":1776296253399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.K. EPSRC","award":["EP\/S02476X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/S02476X\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2022.3169804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T20:54:31Z","timestamp":1650920071000},"page":"7848-7862","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Intelligent Handover Algorithm for Vehicle-to-Network Communications With Double-Deep Q-Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-0516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K."}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Bremner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2124-6803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Le Kernec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8760-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Sambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4767-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4743-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K."}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2001.948835"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Smart transportation","author":"Misener","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"100164","article-title":"A tutorial survey on vehicular communication state of the art, and future research directions","volume-title":"Veh. Commun.","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Study on LTE-Based V2X services","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316534298"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"5G V2X: The automotive use-case for 5G","volume-title":"5GAA","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-015-0942-z"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119652434"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119652434"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UCET51115.2020.9205482"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32657\/10356\/90191"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2957798"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3067503"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3403953"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2924243"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5GWF49715.2020.9221072"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470978504"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Mobility-aware analysis of 5G and B5G cellular networks: A tutorial","author":"Tabassum","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS.2018.8623826"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"67","article-title":"Handover optimization scheme for LTE-Advance networks based on AHP-TOPSIS and Q-learning","volume-title":"Comput. Commun.","volume":"133","author":"Goyal","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2848295"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/CNSM52442.2021.9615604"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Intelligent handover decision scheme using double deep reinforcement learning","volume-title":"Phys. Commun.","volume":"42","author":"Mollel","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3020400"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3031079"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3033035"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3298981"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSP48669.2020.9320974"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243046.3243053"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC48278.2020.9217178"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"101930","article-title":"A two-tier machine learning-based handover management scheme for intelligent vehicular networks","volume-title":"Ad Hoc Netw.","volume":"94","author":"Aljeri","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MASSP.1986.1165342"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Machine learning in vehicular networking: An overview","volume-title":"Digit. Commun. Netw.","author":"Tan","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Requirements for support of radio resource management","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2015.7145798"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNDSP.2012.6292642"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/eSmarTA52612.2021.9515745"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2016.7510709"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.1998.712192"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","author":"Sutton","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Playing Atari with deep reinforcement learning","author":"Mnih","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction","author":"Sutton","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992699"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.1998.712192"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10295"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470978504"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2017.7986538"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICIF.2018.8455289"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14203\/jet.v19.64-74"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Digital Design and Computer Architecture","author":"Harris","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12331-3_2"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2068897.2068948"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"An E2E simulator for 5G NR networks","volume-title":"Simul. Modelling Pract. Theory","volume":"96","author":"Patriciello","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2756509.2756515"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Cellular tower maps","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Design documentation of the LTE module, fading model"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.simutools.2011.245571"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"Bridging nonlinearities and stochastic regularizers with Gaussian error linear units","author":"Hendrycks","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Fixing weight decay regularization in adam","author":"Loshchilov","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3389400.3389404"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470978504"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"User documentation of the LTE module, simulation outputs","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Design documentation of the LTE module, PDCP","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Design documentation of the LTE module, data PHY error model","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470978504"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2979124"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807213"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2009.5378909"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/25\/9830787\/09762537.pdf?arnumber=9762537","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T21:09:53Z","timestamp":1705957793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9762537\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvt.2022.3169804","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9545","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-9359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}}}