{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T20:59:04Z","timestamp":1776977944182,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Science and Tecnology Agency's ASPIRE Project","award":["JPMJAP2325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJAP2325"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Information and Communications"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"6G-Path project","award":["101139172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101139172"]}]},{"name":"6G Sandbox Project","award":["101096328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101096328"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tvt.2025.3619191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:37:24Z","timestamp":1759945044000},"page":"5443-5457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward Robust and Secure Blockchain-Based Communications in ITS"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Atsuki","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3872-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2394-267X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Nakazato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1119-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarik","family":"Taleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8045-3939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Tsukada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-9216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Esaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2805369"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2939938"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"China mobile launches groundbreaking 5.5G service for tailored user experiences","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Smart networks and services joint undertaking (SNS JU)","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC\/6GSummit60053.2024.10597064"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"European vision for the 6G network ecosystem","author":"Uusitalo","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"National highway traffic safety administration","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-021-01265-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJVT.2024.3443877"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2591558"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"The challenges and opportunities of Geely: A marketing case study","author":"Kok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Preprints"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2014.2327241"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3211852"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBC51069.2021.9461127"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2709784"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"V-guard: An efficient permissioned blockchain for achieving consensus under dynamic memberships in V2X networks","author":"Zhang","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MTITS.2015.7223293"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUFN61752.2024.10624948"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45748-8_24"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MOBIQ.2007.4451013"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3152546"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2948053"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"A blockchain based liability attribution framework for autonomous vehicles","author":"Oham","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3IOT53935.2022.9767987"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1800137"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/571637.571640"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3293611.3331591"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3492321.3519594"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2019.8762023"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3006176"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2004.1311902"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2024.3382031"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2890507"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM54140.2023.10436839"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC55113.2022.9825045"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RWEEK.2017.8088642"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc4040028"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e21080723"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2866365"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3010967"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2024.3375374"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3164441"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2024.3377899"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic set of applications; analysis of the collective perception service (CPS); Release 2","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ieeestd.2011.5716530"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Study on LTE-based V2X Services","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Study on NR V2X","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Study on NR V2X","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"23550","article-title":"Towards 5G: MmWave vehicular communication","volume":"6","author":"Mezzavilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"22","article-title":"SUMO - simulation of urban MObility","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1928","article-title":"Asynchronous methods for deep reinforcement learning","volume-title":"Proc. 33rd Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Mnih","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860488"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/25\/11483285\/11197053.pdf?arnumber=11197053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T19:58:40Z","timestamp":1776974320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11197053\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvt.2025.3619191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9545","1939-9359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9545","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-9359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}