{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T13:17:30Z","timestamp":1775913450963,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61631018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61631018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61761136016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61761136016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61801114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61801114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFB1803102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFB1803102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005145","name":"Jiangsu Province Basic Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20192002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20192002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2021.3060482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T20:56:41Z","timestamp":1614373001000},"page":"4556-4570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Learning to Localize: A 3D CNN Approach to User Positioning in Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8280-8123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5163-2364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinping","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5600-6589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8600-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9107-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiqi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"818","article-title":"Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks","volume":"8689","author":"zeiler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vision Computer"},{"key":"ref38","author":"goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep Learning"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Inception-v4, inception-ResNet and the impact of residual connections on learning","volume":"abs 1602 7261","author":"szegedy","year":"2016","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2710046"},{"key":"ref37","author":"golub","year":"1996","journal-title":"Matrix Computations"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2165976"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2012.6393523"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807213"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2007.899948"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift","author":"ioffe","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv 1502 03167"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2813058"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2939209"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2876832"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2749516"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2558659"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCNC.2018.8390298"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWCS.2018.8491210"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2870160"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2404839"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2545523"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2723978"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2018.8446013"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"An analysis of global positioning system (GPS) standard positioning service (SPS) performance&#x2018;for 2018","author":"renfro","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2009.2020990"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2017.8292280"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2589923"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEIEC.2017.8076523"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.301830"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2014.6812298"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2880991"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC40277.2020.9149427"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2015.2425882"},{"key":"ref45","author":"petersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Matrix Cookbook Version 20121115"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2016.2530796"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2015.2502550"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2310220"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2831628"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Network in network","author":"lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv 1312 4400"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2699100"},{"key":"ref44","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2666779"},{"key":"ref43","author":"ky\u00f6sti","year":"2007","journal-title":"WINNER II Channel Models version 1 1"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000803"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7693\/9479891\/09364875.pdf?arnumber=9364875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T14:52:07Z","timestamp":1652194327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9364875\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/twc.2021.3060482","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-1276","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2248","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}}}