{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:18:56Z","timestamp":1781194736282,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-22-1-0476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-22-1-0476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/twc.2023.3235681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T18:47:12Z","timestamp":1673981232000},"page":"5613-5627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cognitive Detection of Unknown Beacons of Terrestrial Signals of Opportunity for Localization"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8266-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Neinavaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3519-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joe","family":"Khalife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4388-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaher M.","family":"Kassas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Position, navigation, and timing technologies in the 21st century","volume":"2","author":"kassas","year":"2021","journal-title":"ch 38 Navigation with Cellular Signals of Opportunity"},{"key":"ref57","volume":"2","author":"kay","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing Detection Theory"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Position, navigation, and timing technologies in the 21st century","volume":"2","author":"raquet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Position Navigation and Timing Using Radio Signals-of-Opportunity"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.905885"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2019.2957666"},{"key":"ref59","year":"1999","journal-title":"Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for Cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Base Stations"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS46316.2020.9109876"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2799167"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3127488"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2020.17591"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2010.2071382"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.001.1900048"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO50100.2021.9438258"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807213"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3113880"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2757472"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.890324"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.301849"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2021.18101"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2804223"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICIF.2018.8455289"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2018.8376990"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647451"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2018.8644178"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2925618"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2869411"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2832134"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2017.1600374"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2974728"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2020.17592"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.011.1900018"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9448678"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2022.3191705"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3068920"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2021.3119929"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010101"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000046"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2021.3139569"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EURONAV.2017.7954223"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2941877"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2022.3162770"},{"key":"ref31","author":"ikhtiari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Navigation in GNSS denied environments using software defined radios and LTE signals of opportunities"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/navi.272"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NAVITEC53682.2022.9847544"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS46316.2020.9109935"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2708684"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2022.3154110"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3031180"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3119227"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2728524"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2007.903130"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITC-CSCC.2019.8793365"},{"key":"ref25","author":"gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Towards navigation based on 120 satellites Analyzing the new signals"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2002.1145751"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4234.917091"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.1994.582823"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2006.878830"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2017.05.008"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2994037"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2020.17180"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860844"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PLANS.2018.8373476"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33012\/2020.17702"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3061985"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/7693\/10214970\/10018911-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/7693\/10214970\/10018911.pdf?arnumber=10018911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T18:11:17Z","timestamp":1693246277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10018911\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/twc.2023.3235681","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-1276","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2248","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}}}