{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:26:43Z","timestamp":1781195203219,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"IEEE","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/uemcon53757.2021.9666712","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T16:14:58Z","timestamp":1641831298000},"page":"0873-0873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Connecting Rural Areas: A Solution Approach to Bridging the Coverage Gap"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Ida Semevo","family":"Tognisse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules","family":"Degila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Dooguy","family":"Kora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","article-title":"The Open BTS Project About The Project","author":"burgess","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"929","article-title":"Para Comunidades Rurales Basada En Sdr Y Implementation Of A Low Cost Cellular Network For Resumen","volume":"40","author":"andr\u00e9s","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Modeling Connectivity for e-Learning in Tanzania: Case-Study of Rural Secondary Schools","author":"simba","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Wireless Broadband Technologies for Regional and Rural Australia: Last-Mile Perspective","volume":"58","author":"islam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Telecommun J Austr"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Universal Access Index assessment and appropriate optimization strategy","author":"bachar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Univers Access Inf Soc"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Enabling Rural Connectivity with SDN Enabling Rural Connectivity with SDN","author":"hasan","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"27","article-title":"Knowledge based analysis of software defined radio for wireless communication: A preliminary survey","volume":"71","author":"madhunala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-006-9184-9"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GHTC46280.2020.9342894"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Vision and Framework for the High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) Networks of the Future","author":"kurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Business model for rural connectivity using multi-tenancy 5G network slicing","author":"koratagere","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"16","article-title":"Cognitive Radio on Tv Bands?: a New approach To Provide Wireless Connectivity for Rural areas","author":"liang","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.001.1900006"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"The Mobile Economy","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Telecommunications \/ ICTs for rural and remote areas","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Filling the Digital Divide in Rural Connectivity: Case for Last Mile Mobile Broadband Subscription","volume":"1139","author":"moturi","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2007.4434595"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCT.2012.6511179"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOMW.2008.ECP.68"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"348","article-title":"A Survey of Broadband Situations in Rural and Remote Areas: A Case Study of Sambisa Forest in Northeast Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"ezugwu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Develop"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIN.2017.7899245"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMNDI.2009.030842"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"C-RAN bearer network solution","author":"w","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2355255"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Infrastructure Sharing Model To Connect The Unconnected In Rural Areas","author":"tognisse","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCMA.2019.00019"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-017-0411-3"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"80","article-title":"Techno-Economic Analysis of Green and Sustainable Infrastructure Sharing in Mobile Communication Systems","volume":"26","author":"gilani","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"184","article-title":"Infrastructure Sharing and Remedies in Next Generation Cellular Networks","volume":"20","author":"kazi","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMNETSAT53002.2021.9530816"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"64","article-title":"Barriers of using Internet Resources in Higher Learning Institutions: A Case of Mzumbe University in Morogoro Region in Tanzania","volume":"4","author":"m","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Inf Knowl Manag"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"13","article-title":"ICT for Rural Development?: Opportunities and Challenges","volume":"7","author":"gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J of Computer and Inf Tech"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2013.6691879"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Connecting The Unconnected &#x2013; Tackling The Challenge Of Cost-Effective Broadband Internet In Rural Areas","author":"kretschmer","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2020.102039"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-016-1415-8"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"A Low-Cost Efficient Wireless Architecture for Rural Network Connectivity","author":"sargunarangan","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM SIGCOMM"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"87","article-title":"WiLDNet: Design and implementation of high performance WiFi based long distance networks","author":"patra","year":"2007","journal-title":"4th Symp Networked Syst Des Implementation NSDI 2007"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcsit.2017.9304"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"21","article-title":"Design and deployment of a low-cost communication solution in rural areas: Case of the central region in Mali","volume":"2647","author":"nantoume","year":"2020","journal-title":"CEUR Workshop Proc"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2007.284545"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"TV White Space Solution for Affordable Internet in India","author":"khaturia","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Working together to achieve Connect 2020 Agenda Targets CONNECTING THE","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Promouvoir la couverture des zones rurales Recommandations de politique publique et de r&#x00E9;glementation pour encourager le d&#x00E9;veloppement de la couverture du haut d&#x00E9;bit mobile dans les pays en en d&#x00E9;veloppement","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"16","article-title":"On Issues and Challenges of Rural Telecommunications Access in Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"adediran","year":"2016","journal-title":"African J Res Math Sci Technol Educ"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12785\/ijcds\/070202"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Closing the Coverage Gap How Innovation Can Drive Rural Connectivity GSMA Connected Society-Closing The Coverage Gap: How Innovation Can Drive Rural Connectivity","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"C-RAN the road towards green ran","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2010.tb00310.x"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECACE.2017.7912890"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFRCON.2015.7331920"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TELSKS.2017.8246276","article-title":"Flexible C-RAN?: radio technology for 5G","author":"gavrilovska","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Wireless broadband network on TVWS for rural areas: An Indian perspective","author":"deshmukh","year":"2013","journal-title":"2013 16th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC) WPMC"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2018.090930"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22395\/rium.v16n30a10"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08368-1_12"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"OpenBTS Based Microtelecom Model","author":"prasannan","year":"2013","journal-title":"A Socio-Economic Boon To Rural Communities"}],"event":{"name":"2021 IEEE 12th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON)","location":"New York, NY, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]}},"container-title":["2021 IEEE 12th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics &amp; Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9666478\/9666481\/09666712.pdf?arnumber=9666712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T11:44:02Z","timestamp":1652183042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9666712\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":57,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/uemcon53757.2021.9666712","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}}}