{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:53:46Z","timestamp":1773215626353,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"IEEE","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/vr46266.2020.1581528155120","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T00:28:32Z","timestamp":1589243312000},"page":"303-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Effects of Virtual Audience Size on Social Anxiety during Public Speaking"],"prefix":"10.1109","author":[{"given":"Fariba","family":"Mostajeran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melik Berk","family":"Balci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Steinicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurgen","family":"Gallinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470479216.corpsy0943"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.749116"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.627"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2016.10.008"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445509331926"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/PRES_a_00052"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60488-2"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9548-9"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.95.2.189"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.081"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2002.802378"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3808-7"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0303_3"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.01246"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000478993"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.12.016"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105670"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2005.8.76"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199211000-00004"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000119004"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000134"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/1054746053967094"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000405"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"57","article-title":"Using virtual humans to alleviate social anxiety: preliminary report from a comparative outcome study","volume":"154","author":"robillard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.04.003"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.08.022"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.02.002"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.6.1020"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"405","article-title":"Adaptation of the trier social stress test to virtual reality: psycho-physiological and neuroendocrine modulation","volume":"3","author":"ruiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cyber Therapy & Rehabilitation"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/akaczkurkin","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: an update on the empirical evidence","volume":"17","author":"kaczkurkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474601300343603"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00872"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments","author":"asch","year":"1951","journal-title":"Organizational Influence Processes"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033559"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.02.030"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109493102321018187"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1086\/200975","article-title":"Proxemics [and comments and replies]","volume":"9","author":"hall","year":"1968","journal-title":"Current Anthropology"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia","author":"herbelin","year":"2005","journal-title":"PhD thesis"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Wearable and automotive systems for affect recognition from physiology","author":"healey","year":"2000","journal-title":"PhD thesis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.02.008"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"2233","article-title":"The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (mini): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for dsm-ivand icd-10","volume":"59","author":"hergueta","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318190d7de"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"128","article-title":"The effectiveness of vr exposure therapy for ptsd in returning warfighters","volume":"181","author":"miyahira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0239"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.03.004"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"58","article-title":"Measuring co-presence and social presence in virtual environments–psychometric construction of a german scale for a fear of public speaking scenario","author":"poeschl","year":"2015","journal-title":"ANNUAL REVIEW OF CYBERTHERAPY AND TELEMEDICINE 2015"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474602317343668"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2007.07.007"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.61.4.271"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703007669"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0565-4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.08.003"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.09.002"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00139-6"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.3.355"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00023-7"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200106000-00011"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.05.034"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.01.010"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.11.010"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01126-4"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9962"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109493101300210231"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.06.014"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/foc.7.2.foc204"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1155-31"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430205056464"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21091\/mppa.2015.3032"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.184234"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2011.0003"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.12.010"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"5","article-title":"Stress effects on working memory, explicit memory, and implicit memory for neutral and emotional stimuli in healthy men","volume":"2","author":"luethi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"141","article-title":"Social phobia","volume":"22","author":"liebowitz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anxiety"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp0401_6"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0023922"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2003.08.009"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00146-4"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"3","article-title":"Social impact theory and group influence: A social engineering perspective","author":"latane","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychology of Group Influence"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.36.4.343"}],"event":{"name":"2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)","location":"Atlanta, GA, USA","start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]}},"container-title":["2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/9070012\/9089432\/09089655.pdf?arnumber=9089655","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T20:17:57Z","timestamp":1615666677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9089655\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":81,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/vr46266.2020.1581528155120","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}}}