{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:48:57Z","timestamp":1791528537877,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":331,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/rbme.2025.3562951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T13:39:07Z","timestamp":1745242747000},"page":"111-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Principles and Operation of Virtual Brain Twins"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5289-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meysam","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1936-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Depannemaecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3846-6100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Saggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0371-8400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Triebkorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3947-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Rabuffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8371-2956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Fousek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4696-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Ziaeemehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5006-9765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Sip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4613-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Athanasiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Breyton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8410-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marmaduke","family":"Woodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4060-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huifang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4540-6293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spase","family":"Petkoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9556-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8251-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Jirsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute de Neuroscience des Systems (INS, UMR 1106), Institut National de la Sant&#x00E9; et de la Recherche M&#x00E9;dicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Universit&#x00E9;, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/520609a"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-062016-050343"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Networks of the Brain","author":"Sporns","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4497"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00008-X"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00137"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae079"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.04.049"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abp8982"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110101"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"The virtual Parkinsonian patient","author":"Angiolelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-024-00607-6"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104802"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120042"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120403"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2021.630172"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70219"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00824-6"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9112\/28\/9\/027"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-79570-1"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(74)90020-0"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Electrical Fields of the Brain","author":"Nunez","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195050387.001.0001"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(72)86068-5"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337259"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46298\/mna.7284"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Neocortical Dynamics and Human EEG Rhythms","author":"Nunez","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.960"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2789(96)00166-2"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-543102-6.50010-8"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00317988"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.62.8462"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2002.1009385"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2008.0260"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.56.826"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.63.021903"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-002-0310-9"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00270757"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6693-10.2011"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.018"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-015-0569-1"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-072X\/ac4bec"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.05.013"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83542-w"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000196"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00190"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03073-5"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901831106"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2961"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.04.050"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.96.032413"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0010042"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811168106"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4502"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06098-1"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.76.051901"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.12.010"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.053"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm6127"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2018.0132"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00231"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.12.006"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0460-x"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0555-4"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.031"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03652-7"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04268-7"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.003"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-023-00693-x"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037014"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-29906-4_6"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00107"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00199471"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3733-05.2006"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000219"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1984.0024"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2009.02-08-710"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272317"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00399.2019"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01670"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu133"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.5.021028"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"A neural mass model with neuromodulation","author":"Depannemaecker","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-022-00825-9"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.01.002"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3495(61)86902-6"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1962.288235"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(81)84782-0"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000092"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20753"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.008"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.05.045"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231499798"},{"key":"ref95","article-title":"A conceptual introduction to hamiltonian Monte Carlo","author":"Betancourt","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2022.807406"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106131"},{"key":"ref98","article-title":"Biophysically inspired mean-field model of neuronal populations driven by ion exchange mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Rabuffo","year":"2025","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108582285.004"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/net.13.1.67.113"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00406.2019"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fams.2023.1128224"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.107.024306"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/030600503"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011204814320"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00232"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13408-017-0050-8"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.12.023"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01758"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.11.001"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0283-21.2021"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-08-03041.2000"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0905-19.2020"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.03.027"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2014.08.010"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004642"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29215"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww299"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx004"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02973-y"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2021.675272"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2003.810703"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00281"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.08.017"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127400000840"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55632"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/eneuro.0485-18.2019"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011903"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.01985.x"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702490114"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.91.010701"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420034288.ch10"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/dcds.2012.32.2853"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110671490-007"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9780511618888"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01117-y"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-023-00740-7"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"},{"key":"ref140","first-page":"6572","article-title":"Neural ordinary differential equations","volume-title":"Proc. 32nd Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517384113"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008689"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01701"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq7547"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906694116"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.055"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118870"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179286"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006160"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/NI:2:2:183"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.101.012202"},{"key":"ref152","article-title":"Improving epileptogenic zone estimation using Bayesian inference on neural field models","author":"Vattikonda","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.20"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118848"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-014111"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2019.06.004"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0630"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.012"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.08.068"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2021.102174"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.11.029"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.02.061"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac174"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.12.012"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3241"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/32\/1\/004"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-4-46"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.062"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.014"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117467"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00267"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/879716"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/923703"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118830","article-title":"Whats new and whats next in diffusion MRI preprocessing","volume":"249","author":"Tax","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2017.00001"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3752"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.03.018"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.12.013"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105846"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48781-5"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7060058"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68297-6_15"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2314-9"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119327"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01285-x"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02087"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119612"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0235-4"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00257"},{"key":"ref191","article-title":"MRtrix3_connectome: A BIDS Application for quantitative structural connectome constructi","volume-title":"Proc. 25th Annu. Meeting Org. Hum. Brain Mapping (OHBM)","volume":"610","author":"Smith","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2022.883223"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2013.00010"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.118973"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.28927"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202406440"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnetp.2022.826345"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-017-2194-4"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.06.007"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16018"},{"key":"ref202","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning","author":"Bishop","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70275-5"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/09-SS057"},{"key":"ref205","article-title":"Probing others presence: Probabilistic inference across brain scales reveals enhanced excitatory synaptic efficacy","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009129"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/acf6aa"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00017-2"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-013-9416-2"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-016-9696-4"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00202-7"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2787"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.045"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.08.035"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120310"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116839"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2023.03.040"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/ad6230"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b10905","volume-title":"Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Handbooks of Modern Statistical Methods","author":"Brooks","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-018-9369-x"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02751-5"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2627435.2638586"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v076.i01"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2632-2153\/ac9037"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011642"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00153"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912789117"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56261"},{"key":"ref229","first-page":"2335","article-title":"Masked autoregressive flow for density estimation","volume-title":"Proc. 31st Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Papamakarios","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref230","first-page":"7511","article-title":"Neural spline flows","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Durkan","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref231","article-title":"Personalized virtual brains of Alzheimers disease link dynamical biomarkers of FMRI with increased local excitability","author":"Yalcinkaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2405706122"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.039"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35094500"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601417103"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.079"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.12.061"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.018"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039731"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00332"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx034"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4246"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117156"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac500"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.09.065"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat7603"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.04.002"},{"key":"ref249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-023-00968-7"},{"key":"ref250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.03.007"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq2591"},{"key":"ref252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.08.007"},{"key":"ref253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.07.002"},{"key":"ref254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005531117"},{"key":"ref255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2109380118"},{"key":"ref256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.98920.3"},{"key":"ref257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52721-8"},{"key":"ref258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2388"},{"key":"ref259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20123-8"},{"key":"ref260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2019.00062"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0961-x"},{"key":"ref262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.05.067"},{"key":"ref263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2020.00020"},{"key":"ref264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24779"},{"key":"ref265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00222"},{"key":"ref266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28591-3"},{"key":"ref267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49140-0"},{"key":"ref268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117088"},{"key":"ref269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00228"},{"key":"ref270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04554-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01907-4","article-title":"Functional connectome through the human life span","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Neurosci."},{"key":"ref272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116756"},{"key":"ref273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.07.067"},{"key":"ref274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23200"},{"key":"ref275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.055"},{"key":"ref276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00149"},{"key":"ref277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.04.007"},{"key":"ref278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0626-16.2016"},{"key":"ref279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-014-9270-9"},{"key":"ref280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028936"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177727"},{"key":"ref282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0938-22.2022"},{"key":"ref283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78212-6"},{"key":"ref284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200206000-00003"},{"key":"ref285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-022-00950-y"},{"key":"ref286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17310"},{"key":"ref287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-025-00841-6"},{"key":"ref288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108983"},{"key":"ref289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012911"},{"key":"ref290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108740"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23191"},{"key":"ref292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006805"},{"key":"ref293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007051"},{"key":"ref294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24974"},{"key":"ref295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.75126"},{"key":"ref296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201809575"},{"key":"ref297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.50.6_suppl_6.s11"},{"key":"ref298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25366-0"},{"key":"ref299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08108.x"},{"key":"ref300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004609"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14868"},{"key":"ref302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114111"},{"key":"ref303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30892-6"},{"key":"ref304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00152-2"},{"key":"ref305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.4971"},{"key":"ref306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-53497-2.00005-x"},{"key":"ref307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30770"},{"key":"ref308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-024-01242-2"},{"key":"ref309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01456-8"},{"key":"ref310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01457-7"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.945221"},{"key":"ref312","article-title":"Improved temporal and spatial focality of non-invasive deep-brain stimulation using multipolar single-pulse temporal interference with applications in epilepsy","author":"Acerbo","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26978-2"},{"key":"ref314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00433"},{"key":"ref315","article-title":"Virtual brain inference (VBI): A flexible and integrative toolkit for efficient probabilistic inference on virtual brain models","author":"Ziaeemehr","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref316","first-page":"2617","article-title":"Normalizing flows for probabilistic modeling and inference","volume":"22","author":"Papamakarios","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000056"},{"key":"ref318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ad3eb5"},{"key":"ref319","article-title":"Neural manifolds and learning regimes in neural-interface tasks","author":"Payeur","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.12.004"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00774-9"},{"key":"ref322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00529-1"},{"key":"ref323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26703-z"},{"key":"ref324","article-title":"Predicting Parkinsons disease evolution using deep learning","author":"Frasca","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref325","volume-title":"The Book of GENESIS: Exploring Realistic Neural Models With the GEneral NEural SImulation System","author":"Bower","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840100700207"},{"key":"ref327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4249\/scholarpedia.1430"},{"key":"ref328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.01.026.2009"},{"key":"ref329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008386"},{"key":"ref330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.06.026"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06573-1"}],"container-title":["IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/4664312\/11368637\/10972118.pdf?arnumber=10972118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T16:20:57Z","timestamp":1769876457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10972118\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":331,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/rbme.2025.3562951","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.10.25.620245","asserted-by":"object"}],"is-referenced-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7554\/eLife.108768.1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1937-3333","1941-1189"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1937-3333","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-1189","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}}}