{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:47:55Z","timestamp":1792129675266,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Robotics Initiative","award":["1830215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1830215"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013693","name":"U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911QY18C0140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911QY18C0140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2022.3188482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T15:20:03Z","timestamp":1657034403000},"page":"271-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Emulator-Based Optimization of a Semi-Active Hip Exoskeleton Concept: Sweeping Impedance Across Walking Speeds"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9649-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Shafer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine C.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5376-2258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Sawicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-020-00663-9"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-017-0235-0"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/icorr.2017.8009254"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2017.00004"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal5054"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7536"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aan6708"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-020-00703-4"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00943-y"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0182"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231996"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.11.004"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.23.3717","article-title":"Mechanical work for step-to-step transitions is a major determinant of the metabolic cost of human walking","volume":"205","author":"Donelan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.115451"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081841"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059935"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059993"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160901"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.159749"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jes.0b013e31820d7bc5"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jes.0b013e31819c2df6"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802b3562"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10400435.2021.1880494"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0599-4"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45914-5"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2014.6944269"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2014.2307698"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2017.00037"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2017.8009297"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tro.2019.2913318"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsre.2017.2750113"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsre.2018.2877962"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21186009"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsre.2021.3049194"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tro.2019.2929686"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tro.2018.2872284"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tro.2017.2719049"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tro.2017.2689068"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsre.2019.2899753"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.202020"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364920961452"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.08.005"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/wtc.2021.14"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.01.029"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abf1078"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135342"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal5054"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184054"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref49","first-page":"463","article-title":"Derivation of formulas used to calculate energy-expenditure in man","volume":"41","author":"Brockway","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Nutr. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00445.2014"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"ABC of EMG  A Practical Introduction to Kinesiological Electromyography","author":"Konrad","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2021.110320"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00955-8"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsre.2021.3074154"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/jes.0000000000000204"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60360-4"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba9947"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00714.2018"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0535-7"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.615358"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsre.2020.2972323"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnsre.2013.2248749"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0086-5"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-4-48"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.12.006"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00710.2016"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00698754"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.08.016"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.198234"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/10\/9998557\/9815515-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/10\/9998557\/09815515.pdf?arnumber=9815515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:16:06Z","timestamp":1792127766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9815515\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tbme.2022.3188482","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-9294","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-2531","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}}}