{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T19:29:46Z","timestamp":1773170986314,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62372025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62361146854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62361146854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2025.3648837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T18:23:41Z","timestamp":1766773421000},"page":"4928-4941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Language Embedded 3D Gaussians for Open-Vocabulary Scene Querying"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4102-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4899-2205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Chuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of CAD&#x0026;CG, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shao-Hua","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4926-3202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao-Bin","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"NeRF : Analyzing and improving neural radiance fields","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00580"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00539"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503250"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-1694"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01807"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Chat with NeRF: Grounding 3D objects in neural radiance field through dialog","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA57147.2024.10610443"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"8748","article-title":"Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","author":"Radford","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-2325"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00510"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1179352.1141964"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4408933"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2487228.2487238"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01138.x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3272127.3275084"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00713"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00807"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01259"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-022-0327-z"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19824-3_20"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00542"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530127"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00536"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01804"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00538"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"15651","article-title":"Neural sparse voxel fields","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-023-0340-x"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01554"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00873"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DV57658.2022.00042"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"DM-NeRF: 3D scene geometry decomposition and manipulation from 2D images","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DV57658.2022.00056"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Open-set 3D scene segmentation with rendered novel views","author":"Engelmann","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-2325"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01253"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00800"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01895"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-0604"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"3DitScene: Editing any scene via language-guided disentangled Gaussian splatting","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00836"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00249"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.02025"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00120"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.02558"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00121"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00677"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00085"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW60793.2023.00219"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"68367","article-title":"OpenMask3D: Open-vocabulary 3D instance segmentation","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","author":"Takmaz","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15607\/rss.2023.xix.066"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-022-0311-7"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3361862"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"6309","article-title":"Neural discrete representation learning","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"30","author":"Den","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"14866","article-title":"Generating diverse high-fidelity images with VQ-VAE-2","volume-title":"Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","volume":"32","author":"Razavi","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01268"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01123"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Finite scalar quantization: VQ-VAE made simple","author":"Mentzer","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00371"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Vector-quantized image modeling with improved VQGAN","author":"Yu","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref62","first-page":"5232","article-title":"Switch transformers: Scaling to trillion parameter models with simple and efficient sparsity","volume":"23","author":"Fedus","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvcm4g18.8"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Decoupled weight decay regularization","author":"Loshchilov","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00068"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"Language-driven semantic segmentation","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Learn. Representations","author":"Li","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/34\/11424231\/11316374.pdf?arnumber=11316374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T01:34:52Z","timestamp":1773106492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11316374\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2025.3648837","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292","1939-3539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1939-3539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}