{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:09:53Z","timestamp":1784027393020,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-1955395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-1955395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-2101696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-2101696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OAC-2104158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OAC-2104158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-2401144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-2401144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DESC0023145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DESC0023145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2025.3633888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:42:26Z","timestamp":1763750546000},"page":"46-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["NLI4VolVis: Natural Language Interaction for Volume Visualization via LLM Multi-Agents and Editable 3D Gaussian Splatting"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7171-6529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuangshi","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3512-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiyuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0859-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"ParaView NVIDIA IndeX plugin","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2018.2816059"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr52729.2023.01764"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2007.01095.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2008.169"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72904-1_5"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2024.3456320"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr52688.2022.00135"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2008.162"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2024.3397828"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr52688.2022.00542"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2023.08.024"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2021.3089627"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/pacificvis53943.2022.00012"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Semantic Gaussians: Open-vocabulary scene understanding with 3D Gaussian splatting","volume-title":"arXiv preprint","author":"Guo","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Large language model based multi-agents: A survey of progress and challenges","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.664"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2022.02.001"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visinf.2022.04.004"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2022.3197203"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccv51070.2023.01808"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2019.2934312"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2022.3189094"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/pacificvis.2019.00041"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"SAGD: Boundary-enhanced segment anything in 3D Gaussian via Gaussian decomposition","volume-title":"arXiv preprint","author":"Hu","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2022.3209453"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/vis55277.2024.00047"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2006.137"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"VOICE: Visual oracle for interaction, conversation, and explanation","volume-title":"arXiv preprint","author":"Jia","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccv51070.2023.01807"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/visual.2003.1250414"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00371"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/visual.2001.964519"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2017.2744319"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3681758.3698002"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VIS60296.2025.00018"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.15093"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12934"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/vis55277.2024.00014"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"nvBench 2.0: A benchmark for natural language to visualization under ambiguity","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00154-7"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.acl-long.747"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/scw63240.2024.00014"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_24"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530127"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Application of 3D Gaussian splatting for cinematic anatomy on consumer class devices","author":"Niedermayr","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8050213"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/cvpr52733.2024.01895"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3704435"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"8748","article-title":"Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Radford","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"SAM 2: Segment anything in images and videos","author":"Ravi","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2022.3148007"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2025.3634643"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/pacificvis60374.2024.00017"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2024.01.001"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2024.3456342"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2025.3567121"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Multi-agent collaboration mechanisms: A survey of LLMs","author":"Tran","year":"2025","journal-title":"arXiv preprint"},{"key":"ref60","volume-title":"Instruct-GS2GS: Editing 3D Gaussian splats with instructions","author":"Vachha","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.naacl-main.27"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2022.3167896"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-024-40231-1"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-0604"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3654992"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.356"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/pacificvis64226.2025.00030"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2023.04.002"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PacificVis64226.2025.00029"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2025.104295"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2025.3642516"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-73397-0_10"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2019.2934668"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.findings-emnlp.247"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iccv48922.2021.01554"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/2945\/11373125\/11264350-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/2945\/11373125\/11264350.pdf?arnumber=11264350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:34:03Z","timestamp":1770683643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11264350\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvcg.2025.3633888","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-2626","1941-0506","2160-9306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-2626","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0506","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2160-9306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}