{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T21:26:42Z","timestamp":1775597202041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/mci.2018.2807039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T18:44:22Z","timestamp":1523472262000},"page":"66-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Unsupervised Learning for Brain-Computer Interfaces Based on Event-Related Potentials: Review and Online Comparison [Research Frontier]"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Hubner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thibault","family":"Verhoeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Klaus-Robert","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pieter-Jan","family":"Kindermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Tangermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2016.04.002"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/3\/1\/R02"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-259X(03)00096-4"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/3\/035005"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"595","article-title":"A generic framework for adaptive EEG-based BCI training and operation","author":"mladenovic\u00b4","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain&#x2013;Computer Interfaces Handbook Technological and Theoretical Advances"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009813"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2017.7989777"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8387-7_134"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2010.00161"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120201211"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131491"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"15","article-title":"Robust, accurate spelling based on error-related potentials","author":"chavarriaga","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Brain&#x2013;Computer Interface Meeting"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605155114"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13893","article-title":"Teaching brain&#x2013;machine interfaces as an alternative paradigm to neuroprosthetics control","volume":"5","author":"iturrate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2010.5509734"},{"key":"ref60","volume":"128","author":"bishop","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2011.05.006"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.908083"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00208"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interactive learning from unlabeled instructions","author":"grizou","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 13th Conf Uncertainty Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/578295"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa6639"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051077"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2172210"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Calibration-free BCI based control","author":"grizou","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 28th Association Advancement Artificial Intelligence Conf"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2008.4408441"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"2349","article-title":"Estimating labels from label proportions","volume":"10","author":"quadrianto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/12\/6\/066027"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00057-3","article-title":"Brain&#x2013;computer interfaces for communication and control","volume":"113","author":"wolpaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Classifying single trial EEG: Towards brain computer interfacing","author":"blankertz","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Advances Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2093133"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Unsupervised cross-subject BCI learning and classification using Riemannian geometry","author":"bolagh","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 24th European Symp Artificial Neural Networks Computational Intelligence Machine Learning"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"92","article-title":"Adaptive classification improves control performance in ERP-based BCIs","author":"d\u00e4hne","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 5th Int Brain&#x2013;Computer Interface Conf"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033758"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reward-based online learning in non-stationary environments: Adapting a P300-speller with a &#x2018;backspace&#x2019; key","author":"dauc\u00e9","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc Int Joint Conf Neural Networks"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175856"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102504"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/2\/025015"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133797"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/4\/2\/R01"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.048"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2006.875642"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.03.028"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"A plug&play P300 BCI using information geometry","author":"barachant","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"96","article-title":"How do you like your P300 speller: Adaptive, accurate and simple?","author":"kindermans","year":"0","journal-title":"Proc 5th Int Brain&#x2013;Computer Interface Conf"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2404941"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6058e","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508080112","article-title":"High-speed spelling with a noninvasive brain&#x2013;computer interface","volume":"112","author":"chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/79642"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneng.2012.00014"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2010.00198"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.26621"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002967"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2413993"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2009.06.003"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2015.2501545"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2009.2015197","article-title":"Unsupervised brain computer interface based on intersubject information and online adaptation","volume":"17","author":"lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehab Eng"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2058804"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/2\/026008"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.004"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7493.001.0001","author":"dornhege","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toward Brain&#x2013;Computer Interfacing"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2010.00182","article-title":"Brain painting: First evaluation of a new brain&#x2013;computer interface application with ALS-patients and healthy volunteers","volume":"4","author":"m\u00fcn\u00dfinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers Neurosci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195388855.001.0001"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2013.08.003"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.06.027","article-title":"A P300&#x2013;based brain&#x2013;computer interface: Initial tests by ALS patients","volume":"117","author":"sellers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2300164","article-title":"Visual and auditory brain&#x2013;computer interfaces","volume":"61","author":"gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(88)90149-6"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2003.814438"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00530"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.06.045"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.19.1.1"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2009.09.007"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/71863"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"119","article-title":"Optimized stimulation events for a visual ERP BCI","volume":"13","author":"tangermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Bioelectromagn"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14601","DOI":"10.3390\/s140814601","article-title":"A review of brain&#x2013;computer interface games and an opinion survey from researchers, developers and users","volume":"14","author":"ahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"SENSORS"}],"container-title":["IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/10207\/8335819\/08335845.pdf?arnumber=8335845","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T08:16:42Z","timestamp":1643185002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8335845\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mci.2018.2807039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-603X","1556-6048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-603X","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-6048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}}}