{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T19:58:25Z","timestamp":1776542305115,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010014","name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.2967676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T21:06:26Z","timestamp":1579295186000},"page":"16846-16856","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Gaussian Mixture Model Based Probabilistic Modeling of Images for Medical Image Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8669-7165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhan","family":"Riaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0487-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5251-5247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ajmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5062-3068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rehan","family":"Hafiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6150-5684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naif Radi","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9588-0052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raheel","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1669-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupert","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7501-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2212440"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.902291"},{"key":"ref32","author":"rijsbergen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Information Retrieval"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.08.125"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2009.2018300"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"5437","article-title":"PH2&#x2013;A dermoscopic image database for research and benchmarking","author":"mendonca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 35th Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc (EMBC)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.129247"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/60326577"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2018.2832455"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSP.2014.7015166"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2010.2090889"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2011.01.003"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.09.006"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2230174"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.01.006"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.12.061"},{"key":"ref17","author":"chan","year":"1999","journal-title":"An Active Contour Model without Edges"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2666042"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2286326"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.543975"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01385685"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"510","article-title":"The matrix cookbook","volume":"7","author":"petersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Technical University of Denmark"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(88)90002-2","article-title":"Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations","volume":"79","author":"osher","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2007.913625","article-title":"A new model for image segmentation","volume":"15","author":"du","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/5807"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007979827043"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.70713"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2009.2025924"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133570"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"59","article-title":"Fast edge integration","author":"kimmel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geometric Level Set Methods in Imaging Vision and Graphics"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-44588-5_4"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2012.2214046"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-012-0300-x"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.08.495"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"430","article-title":"Level set evolution without re-initialization: A new variational formulation","volume":"1","author":"li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Comput Soc Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit (CVPR)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2010.2069690","article-title":"Distance regularized level set evolution and its application to image segmentation","volume":"19","author":"li","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1967.1089532"},{"key":"ref25","author":"cover","year":"2012","journal-title":"Elements of Information Theory"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/08962095.pdf?arnumber=8962095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T19:59:08Z","timestamp":1643313548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8962095\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":38,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.2967676","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}